Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 2

Tremors, the most precarious and catastrophic natural hazards in the globe, manifest themselves in the form of vibrations of the ground which are caused by the sudden release of strain that has accumulated over time. In recent years, there has been a rise in public awareness about earthquakes, their causes, and mitigations. The approach of quantifying the area in terms of topographical and seismological data is known as seismic hazard analysis. In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to estimate seismic hazard at bedrock level in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) using state of art, deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. A comprehensive catalogue of historical and recent seismicity, within 300 km radius around headquarter has been compiled and new seismic tectonic map has been engendered for the region. In the seismic tectonic map, 13 number of faults have been considered as major seismic sources around the district headquarter Dantewara. Before conducting a hazard analysis, make sure that the data is complete. Finally, earthquake data was statistically analysed, and the seismicity of the region around Dantewara, Chhattisgarh's district headquarters, was assessed by defining the 'a' and 'b' parameters of the Gutenberg- Richter recurrence relationship. Values of the PGA for M100 Earthquake have been estimated for the district headquarter Dantewara. Liner faults have been used to develop seismic hazard curve for study area. For peak ground acceleration value 0.05g the estimated return period is low on the other hand for higher PGA(g) value 0.10g the estimated return period is high for study area. The outcome of the research is clearly indicated that the maximum PGA values for the site of Dantewara, was obtained, due to fault No. 8.

In many communication and signal processing systems, it is highly desirable to implement an efficient narrow-band filter that decimate or interpolate the incoming signals. This paper presents hardware efficient compensated CIC filter over a narrow band frequency that increases the speed of down sampling by using multiplierless decimation filters with polyphase FIR filter structure. FIR filter is one of the fundamental processing elements in any signal processing system.  The proposed work analyzed the performance of compensated CIC filter on the bases of the improvement of frequency response with reduced hardware complexity in terms of no. of adders and multipliers and produces the filtered results without any alterations. CIC compensator filter demonstrated that by using compensation with CIC filter improve the frequency response in passed of interest 26.57 % with the reduction in hardware complexity 12.25% multiplications per input sample (MPIS) and 23.4% additions per input sample (APIS) w.r.t. FIR filter respectively.

Many small enterprises, other organisms, and rural populations, primarily in developing countries, lack easy access to the grid, necessitating the use of decentralised electric sources, which are critical in some situations, particularly when supplying rural hospitals or pumping drinkable or irrigation water. Electric Solar Generators Technologies could possibly come to the rescue in a big way. This article focuses on the analysis of key factors for a PV Solar Generator design and implementation. In that regard, we conducted a study of the state of the art in the domain of Solar Electric Generators, which provided key parameters of each component of a safe, easy-to-maintain feeding solar system, and led us to the design, notably through the software PVSyst, of a domestic flat PV solar generator, as well as to the implementation and testing of a domestic flat PV solar generator. A PV panel’s generator equipped with batteries seems the most advantageous among the decentralised electricity production systems like generating units The designed schematics, tables, and curves of simulated and experimented electric quantities such as maximum delivered powers and efficiencies comprise the results. The article provided an example of a fully installed PV system that was instrumented for data logging.That system included a battery and an inverter to power real loads. The system design parameters included the size of the PV array, battery size, inverter power rating, and power delivered to the loads. The data logged has been used to evaluate the designed system and make assessments on how the design of the system could be enhanced so that systems of this type could serve the local needs most economically.

In redundant representations, addition can be performed in a constant time independent of the word length of the operands. In practically all VLSI designs, the adder serves as a fundamental building element. The efficiency of a hybrid adder, which can add an unsigned number to a signed-digit number, determines the quality of the circuit's ultimate output. We designed and compared the speed of adders by reducing the carry propagation time using the combined effect of improved adder architectures and signed digit representation of number systems in this paper. The key concept is to find a balance between the execution time of the fast adding process and the available area, which is frequently very limited. We also attempted to verify the various algorithms of signed digit and hybrid signed digit adders in this paper.

These day, natural herbal textile dye garment products are preferred by all consumers. These herbal dye cloths are more environmentally friendly. It provides a non-toxic, chemical-free product that does not harm the environment or nature. Herbal textiles are dyed entirely with herbal extracts, without the use of any chemicals. Herbs are used instead of vegetable dyes because they are not only natural but also have medicinal value. These herbs are applied directly to the fabric with the help of natural ingredients, so that the medicinal value of the herbs is preserved, because synthetic dyes create a large amount of waste and unfixed colourants pose a serious health risk and disrupt the eco balance of nature. Environmental concerns about the production and use of synthetic dyes have reignited consumer interest in natural dyes. In this study, we used natural herbal dyes on the surface of linen fabrics. Turmeric, aloe vera, neem, beetroot, pomegranate, and onion were used as natural herbal dyes in this work. Color fastness and dye absorbency performance have been improved using edible gum and cow urine. We have found that herbal dyes appearances on linen fabric surface is very good. It has observed that, a dry and wet rubbing fastness property has very good herbal dyes on linen fabric surface. The primary goal of this research is to provide a new approach to natural herbal dyes products that will be more widely used in the textile industry. It will also aid in the reduction of diseases such as skin allergies and skin infections.

This paper has proposing the neural based fuzzy framework based approach to estimate the reusable components which are directly and indirectly involve the security and privacy to improve the quality of the software system. This approach has considered the twenty effecting factors and fifty three attribute matrices. It has formed with three stages of execution scenarios. The first stage has executed with eleven effecting factors and eighteen attribute matrices for identification of supporting software reusability components, the second stage has executed with four effecting factors and thirty five attribute matrices for identification of sub- internal relationships in terms of security-privacy, and the third stage has executed with eight effecting factors and six attribute matrices for identification of sub of sub-internal relationships in terms of security risk estimation. In component based software reusability development process, the software developers have to choose the best components which are self adaptive future to overcome the functional errors, framework mismatches, violation of user level privacy issues and data leakage feasibilities. The software developers can build high quality software applications by taking the consideration of the reusable components which are more suitable to provide high level data security and privacy. This analytical finding proposes a fuzzy logic model to evaluate the most feasible effecting factors that influence the enterprise level data security-privacy practices at real time environment.

East Indonesia, particularly in rural areas, is classified as underdeveloped. Numerous unhealthy dwellings with inadequate available water were discovered. Both of these issues contributed to a poor quality of life. Encouraged by this challenge, they devised a system-trap-rainwater engineering solution to supply water availability and lock-brick technology for a healthy dwelling. The objectives of this study include: rainwater management for household and agricultural water availability; water building infrastructure that is effective and easy to apply in the household, and the implementation of the lock-brick system as a building material for rainwater management infrastructure. The principle of water-traps system in rainwater management are set the rainfall water on household yard remained in the yard by install the system to trap rainwater, keep and manage to meet the water need for life. Wells-trap-rainwater and drain-trap-rainfall-water are interconnected as a network inflow to wells-trap-rainwater in this system. Water availability can be used to construct an agricultural-yard system that would promote food security. The lock-brick technology is designed to build a healthy house for itself at a reasonable cost. When digging wells, dugouts were used as a basic material for producing lock-brick. After assembling a sufficient amount of lock-brick to construct a house, the interlocking brick was assembled as a new healthy house. Both system-trap-rainwater engineering and lock-brick technology, it may be concluded, could increase people's quality of life.

The demand for mobile communication is steadily increasing. One of the most crucial concerns in the next generation of mobile communication is resource flexibility. To deal with new services and adopt new traffic profiles and characteristics, several strategies are required to boost the network's efficiency and flexibility. Efficiency of channel allocation is an important aspect in mobile communication. The goal of this research is to present a distributed dynamic channel allocation scheme that uses intelligent agents to improve network efficiency and flexibility. Under moderate and heavy load situations, this channel allocation scheme will provide an efficient solution.  The agent architecture employed gives base stations greater autonomy and a technique for permitting co-operation and negotiation between them; this autonomy and co-operation allows the network to be more flexible in dealing with new traffic circumstances while also increasing the network's overall robustness. We compared the performance of the Distributed FCA and DCA schemes and discovered that the average call dropping probability of the FCA scheme is 96 percent to 98 percent, while the average call dropping probability of the DCA scheme is 26 percent to 28 percent in various conditions, indicating that the distributed DCA scheme is more efficient than the FCA scheme.  

The main objective of this paper is to critically review the admixtures for stabilization of expansive soil. Expansive soil or clayey soil which can change its volume when the water content is available i.e., swelling and shrinkage occurs. In urban areas, borrow earth is not easily available which has to be hauled from a long distance. Quite often, large areas are covered with highly plastic and expansive soil, which is not suitable for such purpose. It results on damage of building structures and road pavements due to its low strength and high expansion. The usage of admixtures can adversely improve the soil properties, thus stabilizing the clayey soil. Due to cationic exchange in lime stabilization, which lead to agglomeration and flocculation of soil, it causes significant effect in many properties of expansive soil such as plasticity index, compaction, swell potential, reduction of clay fraction and increase of silt and sand fraction.

The primary focus of this paper work is about the design of Web portal for the trading and welfare for pets. A “usability subculture” has evolved as a result of emerging web technologies. The user centered design will become more important in an increasingly competitive market. Because of this application the users can make an ease approach into Veterinary Science, clubs, buying and selling of pets and its accessories. By viewing this site, one can make clear decision while buying a new pet initially. Further one can get to know information about the breed and its life cycle, in regard with its nature, habitant, food culture and purpose. The people who are fond of animals can opt themselves as a social reformer. A user can also enroll themselves as a community member and have a full access towards its responsibilities. In additional, anyone can get to know about nearby localities anywhere related to pets. The pretty advantage of this site is that it allows the user to experience the usability before they could put up their mind to buy. Thus the e-commerce website is displayed as an electronic storefront and the web user interface servers as an electronic clerk and electronic catalogue for direct sales.

This study tackles a multidisciplinary, fascinating, and important educational phenomenon. The adopted phenomena is directly related to the clarity of the educational environment, which influences the enhancement and illumination of learning/teaching performance. It specifically addresses the severe problem of non-properly prepared teachers having an impact on students' learning performance (achievement) in classrooms. The un favorable amount of improperness is mapped into the well-known communication term signal to noise ratio. This word is abbreviated as SNR or S/N in the context of communication technology, and it evaluates the clarity of the received desired signal across the transmission channel. While bits training to recognize three figures with (T, H, and L) forms using (3X3) retina, the suggested Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model uses a feed forward (FF) structure that follows the Kohonen learning law. After running the suggested realistic simulation program, several interesting results were obtained. Such as the relationship between the value of the learning rate parameter h and the Gaussian additive noise power s learning data submitted by a poorly prepared teacher. Furthermore, the impact of both parameters on students' learning achievement and learning convergence (response time) Herein, this work illustrates specifically the analogy between learning under noisy data environment in Artificial Neural Networks models versus the effect of physical environment on quality of education in classrooms.