New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 6

For the purpose of empowering the rural poor, corporate enterprises such as HUL employ bottom-of-the-pyramid marketing. HUL is number one Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Company in India.  This paper focuses primarily on the operation of this model known as Project Shakti, its prerequisites and problems, and its operational perspective. How are shakti entrepreneurs faring in the Anantapur district?

Fiscal policy is critical to achieving a county’s macroeconomic balance. For instance, in Kenya, the aspect of macroeconomic imbalance and the risk associated with this imbalance is as a result of the increase in the amount of public expenditure and the country’s fiscal deficits in relation to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, such imbalance has existed and has been expanding despite the fact that the country’s transition has significantly improved its fiscal and tax systems in recent years hence, creating a legal and institutional basis for sound fiscal policies. Putting in place fiscal policies that have implications on government spending and taxation as well as other variables that have implications on the country activities at the macro level is important for influencing the country’s economic growth as well as the country’s economic development. The objective of this study was to establish the nexus between government expenditure and taxation and additionally to establish the control effect of government revenue composition on the relationship between government expenditure and taxation. The study employed longitudinal research design and collected secondary data for a period of sixteen years ranging from 2002 to 2017. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics where test of association was performed by use of Pearson correlation and test of effects between variables through use of regression analysis. The study found out that government spending alone does not have a significant effect on taxation. However, when controlled by government revenue composition, government expenditure and government revenue composition were jointly found to have a significant effect on taxation in Kenya. It can therefore be suggested that, in addition to spending more to increase economic activities that generate tax revenue for the government, the government should also implement policies that increase tax revenue relative to total government revenue to have a significant impact on the country’s taxation stance.

The study focused on the role of microcredit in women empowerment and poverty alleviation in Edo State, Nigeria. Women constitute the majority of the society's deprivation; they have faced adversity as a result of socioeconomic inequality and gender disparity. Women have limited access to economic and income-generating assets like land and funds. Microcredit is regarded as a powerful tool for empowering women and alleviating poverty. The research focuses on the role of microcredit in empowering women and alleviating poverty. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of microcredit in women empowerment in the study area  It specifically identifies the sources of microcredit to women, the effect of microcredit on income, savings and investment level of women and the constraints militating against women access to microcredit. Data for the study were collected using a well structured questionnaire administered to 100 women who have had access to microcredit in the study area. A two staged sampling procedure was adopted in selecting the respondents. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. According to the findings, the majority of women in the study area obtained credit from four microcredit institutions in Edo State, with the majority (33.33 percent) receiving N30,000.00 or more. The respondents' income was positively and significantly influenced by family size and loan volume. Access to microcredit had an effect on women's income and savings, as their income and savings were greater than their income and savings prior to accessing microcredit, with a difference in income and savings of N225, 809.50 and N9, 772.70, respectively. This demonstrated that microcredit is a tool that can be used to increase women's income and savings levels, thereby empowering them to live better lives. It is therefore recommended that the government assist in raising awareness of the activities of microcredit institutions and their credit functions through radio, television, and print media, so that more women are aware of their ongoing activities. More resources should be made available to these microcredit institutions so that the programme can benefit more women.

The paper examines the theoretical, methodological, and practical aspects of target financial forecasting at the micro level, i.e., at the company level, as a new tool for anti-crisis financial management that can help a company overcome financial difficulties and improve its financial position over virtually any time period. The research approach, as well as the findings given in the paper, is based on the concepts of financial ratio analysis, firm cash flows, and the Balanced Scorecard (in terms of its financial score). The procedure of target financial forecasting is depicted as consisting of an appropriate information-accounting support, a target financial forecasting of the company's financial position, a target forecasting of the company's cash flows, and the development of specific events (management's decisions) aimed at overcoming the company's financial difficulties and improving its financial position. According to the author, target financial forecasting is an efficient tool for financial forecasting in today's climate since it allows for the establishment of a foundation for overcoming a company's financial issues and increasing its financial position. The anti-crisis bankrupt company management, the management of a company on the verge of bankruptcy, and the development of a firm's investment appeal are the main sectors of the target financial forecasting application (in terms of its financial aspect).

The purpose of this study was to examine effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behaviors in the public sectors. This was a case study on employees of local water company “Tirta Mahakam” located in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Quality of service will basically always be a major factor for organizations that focus on customer satisfaction. This is done to improve business activity and organizational performance. To have good quality services, depends on the human resources of the organization. The organization needs human resources that are performing well. Human resources / employees who show strong OCB are believed to be able to perform better. That is why it is important for organizations to create employees with strong OCB. This study was a causal associative study using a quantitative approach. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire with a total sample of 83 respondents. Respondents were chosen using simple random sampling. The results showed that job satisfaction and organizational commitment simultaneously affected organizational citizenship. Job satisfaction partially influenced organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational commitment partially influenced organizational citizenship behavior. Job satisfaction was proven to have the most significant influence. Further studies may include other variables that can influence OCB, such as leadership style, years of service, trust in the leadership, and organizational culture, to complement this research

Since pre-colonial and post-colonial era relations between Sudan and South Sudan has been characterized by the following; political and economic marginalization of South Sudan through under representation, discrimination and other restrictions that did not permits South Sudanese to occupied certain important constitutional posts. This paper examine how the imposition of Arabic language and culture on the people of South Sudan led to conflict, because Northern Sudan were predominantly Arabs and Muslim while Southern Sudan are black Africans with majority of them being Christians or they practice African traditional religion. The method used in carrying out this researched is qualitative descriptive techniques, data were generated through the use of secondary sources that is books, Journals and internet materials; this study adopted relative deprivation theory. The findings revealed that abolition of Addis Ababa agreement of 1972 which grant Southern Sudan as semi- autonomous region, and amalgamation of Northern Sudan with South Sudan, by the colonial masters in 1947 as a single Country, without consulting the people of South Sudan is a mistake, because, North Sudan and South Sudan were administered by the Britain as a two separate countries, coupled with these aforementioned ideological differences between Northern and Southern Sudan, these led to retardation and neglect of socio political and economic development in South Sudan and that serve as a factor that cause both first and second Sudan civil war which led to deaths of millions of people and that led to secession of South Sudan from Sudan.

The objective is to analyze the evolution of the sugar industry as a business influenced by a strong social burden. It is essential to analyze its history and evolution to understand its present situation and to be able to predict its future as an option for business for the tropical areas of the world and specifically for the state of Morelos. Sugarcane industry represents a predominant activity in the economy of Mexico and Morelos state. As such, it represents a key element for the development of families, the state, and rural environment. The present study approaches this perspective from normative and organizational scopes, the industry evolution, and outcomes during the second decade of the 20th century. This paper develops from research in books and articles in order to identify the main historical events that shaped this economical area, followed by a revision of the main laws and norms that regulate it and placed it as predominant from an economic and social perspective. Subsequently, we analyze its organizational conformation as a dynamic identity that affects its operation and explains its effects. For such purpose, we carried out interviews (50) applied to key participants in the sugar cane sector at state level. Lastly, we study the market and sector prospects by using statistics and future projections developed by national and international agencies specialized in economy. We conclude that the sugarcane industry needs to diversify its products so that the sector could incorporate in markets that respond to the consumption needs of this kind of food. Moreover, the adequate investment is essential in order to satisfy the productivity and quality needs that the market requires. These resources should come from the cash flows generated through sales and should allow the usage of regulatory and organizational benefits provided by its position as a strategic industry.

Inventory Management at Channel I will be considered in this research is based on. The aim of this research is to understand the mechanism in which company manages its inventory which is the main factor in the procedure of costing. Channel I is part of the Impress Group of Companies. This company been established in 1985, the company was highly successful in generating demand for its products which ultimately justified local production. Channel I today considered one of the leading and fastest growing diversified business houses in the country hiring over 10000 people. Channel I have a solid market emphasis and is expecting continued future growth by leveraging business competencies and importing superior product markets & brands. In specifically it is involved in raising a solid market for importing in Bangladesh. The company invested over US 50 million dollar to meet the future demand. Inventory management helps the company to identify which and how much stock to order at what time. In accounting language inventory means component parts and raw materials that a company either uses in production or sells, work-in-progress and stores etc. In the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in the rendering of services.

The objective of this study is to identify the perceived usefulness and ease of use of representative of i-NILAM System and to determine whether perceived usefulness influence attitudes towards using and behavioral intention to use. The i-NILAM system is a system that records activity of Nadi Ilmu Amalan Membaca (NILAM) in school. In order to predict user acceptance in technology, the researchers have decided to assess the current system based on theory acceptance model. The Technology Acceptance Model has been adopted as the theoretical framework to determine whether it could help to explain actual individual behavior using the technology. A questionnaire survey has been used and it involves 120 librarian media teachers from schools in Batang Padang district. More importantly, this system will contribute to the efficiency of the management of NILAM Programme. This paper also discusses the theory acceptance model which is a specific model based to explain and expect consumer acceptance towards technology. The results of structural equation modeling using AMOS 18 supported the adequacy of research model.

Since 1998, the Indonesian government has implemented a Strategic Management approach under Government Regulation No. 108/200; however, the government has not evaluated the strategy's effectiveness. However, in 2009, President Yudhoyono's administration introduced a new approach known as Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJMD) – Medium Term Development Planning. An intriguing question concerns the government's compliance with this strategic plan. To put it another way, is the strategic plan being implemented? In this paper, both authors investigate their experiences with attempting to introduce the Strategic Management model and practise in the Indonesian public sector, focusing on process and tools.  The casual loop model of the system dynamics method was used in this research, which is historical and descriptive. According to the study, the government's strategic planning model was a linear process model linked to critical success factors such as leadership, professional coordination among governmental units, and monitoring of the entire process and its instruments: planning, implementation, and evaluation.

This study looked at  the impact of capital flight on economic growth and Financial Stability in Palestine from the period (2000-2020). The study made use of time-series data on capital flight, foreign exchange reserves, foreign debt, and real GDP, as well as ordinary least squares estimation technology to analyse the research data. Johansen co-integration and error correction mechanism was used. The research findings indicate that there is a co-integration relationship between the research variables, and capital flight has harmed the Palestinian case's economic growth. Based on the results, the study suggests that the government create a favourable investment environment in order to encourage investment and prevent capital flight from Palestine. Furthermore, because these infrastructure projects/programs will lower the country's production costs, the Palestinian government should prevent capital flight. The government should create an appropriate investment environment for foreign investment and encourage entrepreneurs and equity owners to invest these funds in the domestic market. Furthermore, the government should direct all foreign aid funds to appropriate areas in order to boost economic growth and create job opportunities for the unemployed, thereby raising the national economic growth rate.