The Development of Long-term Vaccine against Viral Respiratory Infection is Difficult, What is the Enduring Solution?

Abstract

Safe and effective vaccine formation is very important for viral respiratory infection which is also an ambiguous process. There are many difficulties in the development of effective vaccine such as regular mutations in viruses and lacking of long term immunity. To avoid the difficulties in vaccine development against viral respiratory infection evolution of mucosal vaccine plays an important role in protection against these viral infections. In mucosal immunity, memory CD8⁺ T cell populations play a crucial role in producing high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-\(\gamma\)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may be essential for protection as well as memory CD8⁺ T cell being able to elicit long-lived immunity. Hence, the hypothesis related to the present study novel form of combination in between viroporin as an antigenic site or vaccine candidate used with immunotherapeutic adjuvant (OX40 or OX40 and OX40L complex or IL12) may become to resolve the development of a long-term immunity containing vaccine.