New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 10

A beam is a structural part that is operated on by a system of external forces that are perpendicular to it. When a horizontal beam is loaded with vertical loads, it bends. The amount of load carried by a beam is determined by the amount and kind of weight, the length of the beam, and the type of beam.  T, HSS, and L shaped beams are among the various varieties available for industrial and home purposes. Fatigue failures, vibrations, and incorrect evaluations of various attributes are the most common difficulties and failures with beams. The effects of vibrations on T-Section Cantilever beams and frequency modes are discussed in this paper. As a result, in order to gain a complete knowledge of T-Section Cantilever beams, the mode shapes and natural frequencies acquired through vibrational analysis in ANSYS are compared to the results acquired through finite element analysis in MATLAB. The results acquired using MATLAB are verified to be accurate.

The growth of 5G mobile systems necessitates a shift in image processing. The required processing time, as well as the amount of space for uploading and downloading, represent these modifications. In this study, an image compression method based on WT (Wavelet Transform), LM-SPIHT (Listless-Modified Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Tree) coding, and an additional level of Runlength encoding is proposed. The SPIHT algorithm can be applied to both grey-scale and colored images. SPIHT displays exceptional characteristics over several properties like good image quality, fast coding and decoding, a fully progressive bit stream, application in lossless compression, error protection and ability to code for exact bit rate. The new implementation aims to reduce the amount of data needed to be stored, this is done in several stages, and also aims to reduce the amount of time required for processing. VHDL (Very High Descriptive Language) was used on the netFPGA-1G-CLM Kintex-7 board to implement the compression. The new implementation succeeded in reducing the complexity of the compression system and with minimized processing time.

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the choice of components in the development of a body-insulating dry building mixture for finishing walls made of aerated concrete. The possibility of reducing the thermal conductivity of heat-insulating finishing coatings using as a filler ash microspheres of aluminosilicate and glass hollow microspheres is substantiated. A mechanism of heat transfer through heat-insulating composites is considered, depending on the type of filler used. It is revealed that the ability of the finishing coat to reflect heat does not depend on the type of filler used. It is established that the convective component of heat transfer does not significantly influence the heat-shielding qualities of the finishing coatings under consideration

Some preliminary results of experimental study (Raman spectroscopy, electron and optical microscopy, Auger spectroscopy) and theoretical discussion with computer modeling of few-layer graphene nanostructures, irradiated by SEM electron beams in the range 0.2 - 30 keV at room temperature with intensities varied in a wide interval on insulating (SiO₂) and metallic (Ni foils) substrates are presented. The Raman spectroscopy data from irradiated specimens showed the obvious effect of substrate by all used beam energies. In the paper a new possible physical mechanism of subthreshold radiation structural damaging in a few-layer graphene and similar nanostructures is suggested.

In the current years, due to the significant developments in technologies in almost every domain, the standard of living has been improved. Emergence of latest innovations, advanced machinery and equipment especially in the healthcare domain, have simplified the diagonalizing process to a wide extent. Smart techniques employed in medical applications resolved the detection and rectification of various diseases. This work involves analysing how usage of Artificial intelligence practice can improve patient experience across the gamut of the healthcare industry primarily in the Out Patient (OP) Segment. As per industry statistics 88% of the patients are willing to shift the healthcare provider without hesitation. A 2018 study by The Beryl Institute found that 91 percent of patients think patient experience is extremely or very important, and it has an impact on the healthcare decisions they make.

The goal of this study is to investigate and develop a device that can produce a high voltage, low power supply. The ideal technique for determining the generation of high voltage low power supply is to use a Flyback converter as an optimum approach for improving the device's design to make it smaller in size, simpler, and cost efficient. The device circuits are simulated in this article using PSPICE software to establish the properties of the circuits' output voltage. The fundamentals of the flyback converter, circuit design, simulation, and device manufacturing are covered. In this study, the Flyback converter idea is examined in order to determine the best design of the device. The values of the selected circuit components are computed after simulation. The device circuit is put into action, and the output variables are compared to the simulation results. The simulation for Flyback converter cannot be done due to limitation of the software but the simulation for the switching circuit is developed.

The synthesis of nanomaterials and nanostructures is an important aspect of nanoscience and nanotechnology. New physical properties and applications of nanomaterials are only possible when nanostructured materials are made available with desired size, shape, morphology, crystal structure, and chemical composition.  For this reason, in order to explore novel physical properties and phenomena to realize potential applications of nanomaterials, the ability to fabricate and process nanomaterials is the foremost cornerstone in the research and development of nanotechnology. This chapter provides a clear and concise understanding with detailed review work on the synthesis of nanomaterials through a kinetic approach using well-known Stokes' law for a free body falling in a quiescent and viscous fluid.

The present chapter is dedicated to In free transparent conductive and flexible multilayer electrodes. The new electrodes correspond to dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) multilayer structures deposited under vacuum. In the present work, after a fast review of the general properties of D/M/D electrodes using Ag as metal, we then develop the study of D/Cu/D multilayer structures. We propose to substitute Cu to Ag, because it is far cheaper. However, Cu having tendency to diffuse into many dielectrics it is difficult to obtain stable electrodes. We show that using Cu:alloys, i.e. Cu:Ni, Cu:Al and Cu:Ag, as metal it is possible to decrease significantly the Cu ions diffusion and to increase significantly the stability of the multilayer electrodes with Cu. Then, we show that when these electrodes are used as anode in organic photovoltaic cells, they can allow achieving efficiency similar to that obtained with ITO. Finally, we show that semi-transparent organic solar cells, with significant performances, can be obtained using D/M/D structures as top electrodes.

Zimbabwe's economy is transitioning from a resource-based to a knowledge-based one. The Government of Zimbabwe achieved a milestone by launching the Intellectual Property Rights Policy three decades after attaining economic and political freedom, in order to unlock value from research inputs and accomplish the objective of a middle-income economy. The thrust is to realise value from the funded researches through collaborations. As a result, this strategy established a conducive atmosphere for university, government, and industry collaboration. How can we assist disadvantaged people in earning more money from their knowledge rather than just sweat and muscle? For most Zimbabweans, it has been a difficult question. Indigenous knowledge must be promoted and protected for every developing country to thrive. For the past three decades, Zimbabwe has enhanced its educational curriculum. The education system, on the other hand, has struggled to create graduates who can provide goods and services for a developing country. The government has attempted to rectify the situation by establishing more than ten state-owned institutions and licencing two more private-owned universities. This initiative did not result in the establishment of a new industry, and the new academic programmes and degrees did not increase industry leaders' trust in the institutions' ability to contribute to industrial growth.

Nowadays, there are several robots in the market to optimize a variety of household tasks. This study aims to develop a waste compactor robot to be applied in urban residences. The type of garbage chosen was soda cans. With the present work, it was possible to specify the components of the robot systems for compacting, locomotion and electronic/control, as well as to perform its modeling and simulation. In this way, the use of the garbage compactor robots will allow garbage to arrive semi-processed in the treatment plant; a single collecting waste truck can cover a larger area; greater availability of street cleaners to work in other parts of the city; and easier to treat in landfills.

Humans had begun a new era of automation of items and activities that were previously done manually, such as repetitious factory operations, sewing machines, painting, and more, in the early twentieth century, along with the industrial revolution.  Humans were the smartest species on the planet to lead these efforts, and they did so successfully. However, success comes with unbridled hopes for the future, the age of Artificial Intelligence, which will far outstrip human capabilities. This research paper will touch base on these technologies, from the human brain project and Artificial Intelligence to industrial and self-aware robots. Technology did not look back, combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) with robotic automated systems that have moved swiftly from assisting humans to totally replacing humans, and have also become self-aware, from driverless cars through airplanes to smart cities through traffic lights. Factories run on solar panels, and if everything is working properly, it can anticipate a problem on the horizon and, as a result, will take steps to adjust or recover. “The percentage of intelligence that is not human is increasing and eventually we humans will represent a very small percentage of intelligence,” Elon Musk.

The lateral ground spreading has witnessed an increase in interest due to its serious effect and major destructive character during and after seismic events. This paper describes a quick method for predicting pile failure due to lateral spread. The proposed technique integrates the limit equilibrium method (LEM) with the second order reliability method (SORM). In this technique, a limit equilibrium-based finite element model is coupled with (SORM) via the response surface method (RSM). In the finite element model the soil is represented by 3D solid elastoplastic (Drucker-Prager failure criterion) while the pile is represented by elastic 3D beam element. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used to validate the suggested method through numerical example. Both operational and structural limit states are involved. For the considered example, the soil pressure and the pile radius are found to be the most sensitive variables.

The Indonesian Government introduced rice farm insurance scheme (Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi – AUTP program) to protect rice farm from loss caused by flood, drought and pest and disease infestations. It has been discussed the method to calculate pure premium of the rice farm insurance scheme in Indonesia with assume that the distribution of rice yield data is normal distribution, gamma distribution, or normal mixture distribution. The normal distribution can be used for the case of distribution of rice yield data in the form of symmetry. The gamma distribution can be used for the case of distribution of rice yield data in the form of skewed to the right or positively skewed. In addition, the normal and gamma distributions are categorized as unimodal distributions. It has also been discussed the method of calculating pure premium of the rice farm insurance scheme in Indonesia with the assumption that the rice yield data is normal mixture distribution. The normal mixture distribution can be categorized as multimodal distribution. Characteristic of the normal mixture distribution is suitable for rice yield data in Indonesia that contain rice yield data from several provinces. On the other hand it is also known that the 4-parameter beta mixture distribution can be applied to rice yield data in Indonesia. This distribution is more flexible than the normal mixture distribution in terms of the tail shape of the distribution. In this paper, pure premium calculation method of the AUTP program is formulated with assume that the distribution of rice yield data is the 4-parameter beta mixture distribution.Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate performance of the method. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and precision when increasing sample size. The method is applied to the rice productivity data in several provinces in Indonesia for the period 1970 to 2016.

This paper deals with a steady-state heat transfer analysis in a 4-pass fire-tube boiler. A computational program has been developed to study the heat transfer between the combustion gases and the boiler tube walls. On these surfaces, the energy balance was established, taking into account the heat transfer by convection and thermal radiation. The heat transfer characteristics, namely, the heat flux densities and the corresponding wall temperatures, are evaluated for different operating conditions. The modeling approach was validated by comparing the calculated outlet gas temperature against the experimental data, of the PFTA 500HP fire-tube boiler, for three types of fuels and various operating pressures. The comparison shows that the calculation results are in good agreement with the boiler's experimental data. A parametric analysis has also been conducted to investigate the working pressure effect on the boiler thermal behavior.

Dyslexia is a type of learning disability in which a person has trouble spelling and reading words fluently. Dyslexia is not curable, but with the correct remedial help, dyslexics can achieve great success in school and in life. Eye movement patterns during the reading process can provide a deeper knowledge of dyslexia-related reading difficulties. Eye movements can be recorded with an eye-tracker, and the relationship between how eyes move in proportion to the words they read can be deduced. Based on statistical measurements, a collection of binocular fixation and saccade properties were derived from raw eye tracking data in this study. Based on statistical measurements, a collection of binocular fixation and saccade properties were derived from raw eye tracking data in this study. Machine learning algorithms such as the Random Forest Classifier (RF), the Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification, and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) for prediction of dyslexia were investigated to provide classification models for dyslexia prediction. In comparison to SVM and RF, KNN provided 95 percent accuracy over a small feature set associated to fixations and saccades. These characteristics of the eyes can be exploited to design screening tools for dyslexia prediction. Early detection of dyslexia can assist children in receiving treatment, allowing them to achieve academic success.

Anisotropy is the crystal property that effects may be observed in various direction dependent physical properties. It plays an import role in high temperature superconductors too. Layered high temperature superconductor’s exhibits highest superconducting anisotropy. Conventional approach is one of the ways to determine superconducting anisotropy; however, the estimation process of anisotropy in this includes some approximation errors. Scaling approach is the alternate way to measure the anisotropy that provides more accurate results comparatively. Both methods are described here and applied to find the superconducting anisotropy of FeSe_0.5Te_0.5 single crystal, which is an iron based superconductor.