Kshana: An Exceedingly Small, Constant, Discrete, and Indivisible Quantum of Time in Ancient Indian Philosophy and Its Relation to Einstein’s Equation E = mc2

Abstract

Maharishi Vyasa based on a Patanjali Yog sutra defined a universal, natural, indivisible, exceedingly small quanta of time known as kshana or moment. According to him time kshana is not a particle. It is a creation of the mind without mass. It is the time taken by an elementary particle to change its direction from east to north. For the elementary particle such as a spinning electron, the calculated value of a kshana in sec with different models of electron is of the same order magnitude as calculated for zitterbewegung which is equal to ten to the power minus twenty-one sec and is a constant. We found that the number of kshana in a second is inversely proportional to the radius of the spinning electron and independent of mass of the electron. Smaller the radius, small is the value of a kshana. Based on this definition of kshana, calculated value of the radius of an electron is equal to the reduced Compton wavelength.