Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

Mechanical and tribotechnical features of powdered materials are strongly influenced by pore volume, fracture character, impurities, alloying, concentration inhomogeneity, friction conditions and other factors. Pores also influence on acceleration of diffusion processes, reduce undercooled austenite resistance. To study porous iron features was used ultrapure additionally annealed in hydrogen powder. Toughness fracture and tribotechnical features had nonmonotonic dependence from porosity different from all known dependences got from technical iron powders. Researches brought out the fact that in process of porosity reduction by pressing and annealing cycles, the average dimension of porous is changed. According to the analysis of porous structure were created models of friction, wear and fracture of pure porous iron.

Water is a very important element on the earth for life to exist. Humans have long relied on water as a life source, and all organisms require it to survive. Our research area is on the North Erode City of TamilNadu. Many dyeing industries, chemical industries, and tanneries surround Erode north. These industries release their effluents directly into the groundwater sources, and get polluted. The groundwater is greatly polluted due to waste disposal by tannery industries, dyeing units and paper mills situated near by the river basin. In our project, we conducted a systematic investigation to assess water pollution and the effects of effluents discharged by industry. We collected 20 ground water samples in the erode region, and the water quality was assessed using quality parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, chlorides, alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, total solids, suspended solids, DO, and COD.  Due to the impact of dyeing industries, tanneries, and chemical industries, the results of a few samples were found to be highly polluted.As a result, maintaining the quality of ground water in this area is essential for long-term sustainability.

A catastrophic failure occurred on the carbon steel piping system of a steam generator after 20 years of operation. The failure occurred at a time when the system experienced a slight increase in pressure of approximately 300 psig more than its normal operating pressure, but 775 psig below the design pressure. Three failed sections at welded joints of the 2” and 3” Ø piping indicated different failure modes and suggested erosion-corrosion, material deterioration and weld imperfections all contributed to the cause of failure. Based on the analysis conducted it was also suggested that the failure involved more than one failure mechanism it included one that initiated the failure and another that eventually destroyed the parts. The long-term deterioration of the 2?Ø elbow showed the Longitudinal cracks that developed due to hoop stress allowed steam to escape into the atmosphere, then at ‘down times’ moisture from the environment penetrated the crack and assisted in the corrosion process. The weld imperfections of the 3” Ø pipeline which was also compromised by the corrosion process could not withstand the increase pressure and failed in a transverse manner thus allowing the other joints to fail in a similar manner. Methods to mitigate similar failures are discussed in terms of following established welding procedures and adopting preventative maintenance procedures.

Geomechanical assessment of rocks requires knowledge of phenomena that occur under the influence of internal and external factors at a macroscopic or microscopic scale, when rocks are submitted to different actions. To elucidate the quantitative and qualitative geomechanical behavior of rocks, knowing their geological and physical–mechanical characteristics becomes an imperative. Mineralogical, petrographical and chemical analyses provided an opportunity to identify 15 types of igneous rocks (gabbro, diabases, granites, diorites, rhyolites, andesites, and basalts), divided into plutonic and volcanic rocks. In turn, these have been grouped into acidic, neutral (intermediate) and basic magmatites. A new ranking method is proposed, based on considering the rock characteristics as indicators of quantitative assessment, and the grading system, by given points, allowing the rocks framing in admissibility classes. This paper represents a comprehensive geo-mechanical study of the magmatic rocks represented by a wide range of varieties; it is structured into two parts, experimental and interpretation of experimental data, showing the methodology to assess the quality of igneous rocks analyzed, and the results of theoretical and experimental research carried out on the analyzed rock types. Applying this evaluation system allows determining the specific parameters of the rock quality requirements, namely the conformity and unconformity degrees, and more specifically the safety level that these rocks can provide if they are used in the construction field, either as aggregates or as construction materials. The proposed method represents an appropriate tool for assessment and verification of the requirements regarding the quality of rocks used in construction. The last part includes a general classification of analyzed magmatic rocks based on the geomechanical assessment model.

In this paper, we study some features that are likely to be associated with certain types of inventory, like inventory of seasonal products, newly launched fashion items, electronic goods, mobile phones, etc. A periodic review inventory model is developed with ramp type demand rate. When the inventory on hand is zero, the inventory manager offers customers who are prepared to backorder a discount.By lowering the total cost in a replenishment interval, the best ordering policy and the best discount offered for each backorder may be found.

The concept of ethics has grown in significance, as well as complexity and controversy, since philosophers established and dedicated themselves to the study of why human beings behave the way they do, as well as the consequences of such behaviours. Journalism will continue to be at the centre of such complicated and controvertible debates for a long time since it is a public-spheric profession in which truth, fairness, sense of duty and consideration of probable consequences combine to determine the course of a given activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ethical dilemmas that impede the practise of journalism in Nigeria. This paper radically investigates the topic matter in relation to the primary reasons that orchestrate journalists' vulnerability to such difficulties, relying on secondary data. In conclusion, the study claims that applying the ‘SAD' formula is a panacea for overcoming the myriad ethical dilemmas that Nigerian journalists face on a daily basis in the performance of their duties.

Biomass, as a renewable source of energy, could be converted into fuel in solid, liquid or gaseous form through a variety of modern technological production methods. Thermochemical processes and conversion technologies are briefly described in this paper with special emphasis on direct combustion and pyrolysis. The use of wood for energy purposes is becoming increasingly attractive in Greece and for the Mediterranean ecosystems as it can be upgraded into a more valuable and usable fuel. In addition, technologies are being developed for densifying biomass into briquettes or pellets which can be easily and economically transported.

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world contributing around 25-28% of the total global production. Pulses are considered as the climate-smart crops which helps the small farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, withstand weather variability, require less water, enrich the soil and are packed with nutrition. The increasing demand and supply gap of pulses has led to an increasing trend in their import by India. In view of this gap, one of the strategies for “Doubling Farmers’ Income by 2022” was to enhance area, production and productivity of pulses in India by incentivizing the farmers with right price. Hence an attempt has been made in this study to analyze the growth of pulses over a period of time i.e. from 1980-81 to 2017-18 in India using secondary data. The average annual growth rates and percentages were used as tools to carry out analysis. The results revealed that area, production and productivity of total pulses was positive but indicating a slow growth of 1.36 per cent, 3.29 per cent and 2.04 per cent respectively per annum. Due to steep hike in Minimum Support Price (MSP) during 2015-16, it was noticed that area, production and yield have recorded higher growth than previous years. The percentage change in area, production and productivity for major pulses during three periods indicated that there was a marginal increase in area and production of gram in major producing states and the same trend was noticed in red gram and black gram. It was also observed that in some of the states the growth in period- III for major pulses was higher compared to period-II. Policy implications or lessons learned are missing!

In the oral cavity, the most frequent gum diseases are those of the mucous type, but also those that are less often correctly diagnosed. In fact, many of them appear in a completely similar way and are morphologically difficult to distinguish, even when they are determined by various factors, different in etiology and pathogenesis. We present a case of atypical gingival swelling unrelated to plaque and tartar, successfully treated in the long term with the probiotics Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri).

The use of art for healing is not a new phenomenon and the history of human life has been familiar with the subject of art in healing for thousands of years. "Artistic elements in the form of paintings and drama have been used in the first civilizations for several centuries BC to reduce fear and anxiety, to create power and strength, and to convey information. "Aristotle and other philosophers have used poetry and drama for the health and purification of the soul. To this day, painting, drama, and music are used in creative art therapy to rehabilitate all diseases and for all ages from childhood to old age. Accordingly, the impact of art on human life has been studied from an architectural point of view in the design of medical centers.

Some of the human concerns in the realm of healthcare have always been the strict, cold, and lifeless forms of health centres, as well as the lack of accessibility to them. With the admission to these institutions and the escalation of stressors induced by disease and therapy, the mental state of patients has increasingly gained more attention.

Medication, which has been a necessary part of human life since ancient times, is classified into two categories: Physical and mental.

Persons' physical improvement was influenced by the first dimension, while individuals' readiness to cope with the treatment process was influenced by the second dimension.

Every medical facility was made up of distinct but interconnected units that combined to form the two components. With the rising relevance of this issue, the shape of these buildings and their access were the key problems discussed in these centres, so that they could complete treatment by conducting patients in a simple and quick manner, in a more comfortable setting, with the least amount of time spent, and away from any type of environmental stress imposing in this complex. Finally, different investigations and scientific advances have revealed that the more environmental pressures are reduced in physical and mental dimensions, and the more the psychological dimensions of patients are analysed, the improvement of patients would be faster. This study has also investigated these components in the interaction with art and art therapy and their impacts on each other.  Physical studies, data gathering, and data interpretation and analysis were all regarded initial principles in this study. This study is a qualitative-quantitative study in which the field technique and content analysis were utilised in two sections, with qualitative studies and survey study in the qualitative studies and analysis portion.  In this area, all written and oral references are studied and collected, and their contents are utilised to extract the principles, the basis, and the best solutions for designing an effective medical and health centre that meets the treatment and psychological needs of patients, as well as the application of art features.

Various conventional and computational algorithms for developing a PI controller are investigated in this research. Many controllers used in the industries are conventional PID controller. For controlling any process, initially a mathematical model is identified, controller is designed and simulated to get the expected process behavior. For the purposes of this study and simulation, a lab-scale non-interacting liquid tank system is being considered. The system's mathematical model is identified, and various conventional methods for designing a PI controller is implemented. The efficiency of various computing methods is demonstrated both in simulation and in real time using Simulink software, and the simulation results of conventional algorithms are contrasted. Also, the closed loop performance indices are tabulated and compared. The simulation results that the computational PI controller shows good setpoint tracking and performance.

This study identified determinants of constraints to information sources utilization among maize farmers in Edo state, Nigeria. In agriculture, the role of information cannot be over emphasized in enhancing the agricultural development. Information is crucial for increasing agricultural production and improving marketing & distribution strategies .Data were collected from 150 randomly selected maize farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire validated by expert judgment, and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and Chi-square for hypothesis testing. Results showed that majority (66.0%) (59.3%) (53.3%) and (50.7%) of the respondents had farm size of < 1 hectare, were married and males and household heads, respectively. Most preferred information sources were radio (M = 2.69) fellow farmer (M = 2.60), posters and bill board (M = 2.59), and books and leaflets (M = 2.58). Most serious constraints faced in the use of information sources were poor radio and television signals (M = 3.42), inadequate rural electrification and constant power interruption (M = 3.23), agriculture information and radio aired at odd hours (M = 3.15), lack of time to listen to agriculture information (M = 3.10), agriculture information is not broadcast on radio and television in my area (M = 2.99). There was a significant relationship between access to credit (R² = 7.416), farm ownership (R² = 12.497) sex (X² = 13.759) of respondents and constraints encountered in information sources utilization at 0.05 level of significance. It was recommended that the Ministry of Agriculture should study time for broadcasting agriculture information in understandable language to attract maize farmers to listen, Radio and television signals needs to reach rural areas to improve audience level of farmers for increased proven technologies information utilization.

The fulcrum of social justice is the respect of human dignity. Before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) saw the light of the day in 1948, the pre-colonial Igbo people of Eastern Nigeria have already defined what constitutes the foundation of peaceable society. They invested the norms of human dignity on the umunna solidarity. Umunna is the assemblage of brethren born within an androgynous linage. In this social arrangement, individuals are lost as persons without the community, hence their popular cliché, “umunna is power.” This social arrangement protects the individuals from being dehumanized. Here everyone who belongs to the umunna receives a uniform treatment, the king and the subjects alike. It is in this context that human rights and dignity become community property. However, this pristine social arrangement has been lost consequent upon the contact and interaction of Igbo people with Western Christianity. The overwhelming consequences have become individualism of persons resulting to the vitiation of human rights and dignity of persons. Thus after a critical considerations of the entire vista, this paper notices that Christianity, despite its long contact with the Igbo people, has not taken any deep root and as such may not be consulted in serious matters in Igbo life and existence. It, therefore, proffers African Christianity, among other traditional values of human dignity, the community living and social solidarity of umunna of the Igbo people as major ways that Christianity can become relevant in Africa and among Africans. African Christianity has to rise to the challenge of a high level of objectivity in the religion’s practice of its adherents.

Aim: A preliminary analysis was done to evaluate the impact of lockdown on soil temperature at different depths and comparison with year 2018 and 2019.

Methodology and Results: In order to describe the basic features of the data in study, descriptive statistics method was opted. The deviation in soil temperature in Rajouri District from mean value at 5 cm depth observed during lockdown was -8.58% and -4.77% compared to year 2018 and 2019. However the deviation observed from mean value at 10 cm depth was -10.72% and -9.28%. The deviation from mean value at 20 cm depth observed was -2.34% and -1.98%. The average change in soil temperature in Jammu District in morning at 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm depth was -3.46%, -3.84% and -7.23% as compared to year 2019 (22nd March to 10th June 2019) mean value and the change in soil temperature in evening at same depths was -7.69%, -6.31% and -4.14% from year 2019 (22nd March to 10th June 2019). The much focus is on Rajouri District as compared to Jammu, so tables and figures are representing Rajouri situation.

Conclusion: The study concluded that due to lockdown, there was significant change in soil temperature values at variable depths compared to year 2018 and 2019 in the study region.