Diversity of Surface Karst Features of Zonal Karst Types

Abstract

In this study, the diversity of the surface features of karst types and the causes of diversity change are described and interpreted. It was taken into consideration how diversity changes according to the distance from the Equator in case of small, medium and large features of various carbonate karsts and how it varies based on the distance from altitude in case of the karren features (small features) of high mountain karsts. It can be established that the diversity of karst features decreases according to the distance from the Equator (independent of the size of the features), while in high mountains the diversity of karren features first increases with altitude and then it decreases. The decrease of the diversity of medium and large features moving away from the Equator can be explained by the decrease of dissolution intensity. The diversity change of karren features shows a relation with the diversity of the inclination of the bearing slope. Since on tropical karsts and in the medium elevated areas of high mountains (1600-2100 m) where bare slopes with large expansion and various slope inclination occur, the diversity of karren is great. On tropical karsts, slopes with diverse inclination were created by karstification and in high mountains by glacial erosion.