Introduction to Gamma and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for Trace and Major Compositions

Abstract

X-rays Analysis in its Energy Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (WDXRF) techniques for investigations of different types of applications are described. Samples with radionuclides have been analysed by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy. Radioactivity is the process where the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation. The elements or isotopes that emit radiation and go through radioactivity are known as radioactive elements. Due to the radioisotope of the element having an unstable nucleus, the atom particles cannot be bonded since there is no energy. The isotopes constantly decay to stabilize themselves by releasing a significant amount of energy in the form of radiation. There are many of these particles in the air, water and even food that we eat. Some possible applications such as air, water, geology, environment, food and soils are shown. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the procedures, methodologies and facilities that are used in the analysis of the coming chapters.