Assessment of Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries

Abstract

AC injuries are caused by a direct fall onto the shoulder's outer aspect, which pushes the acromion inferiorly, rupturing the acromioclavicular ligaments. Pathology of the AC joint has been shown to radiate into the anterolateral neck and cause pain over the anterolateral deltoid region, supraspinatus, and trapezius, further complicating the clinical picture. A comprehensive physical examination is essential to the diagnosis of AC disease. Examining visually and then palpating the shoulder to identify all of its external landmarks and to record any soreness or deformity are the first steps in the examination process. Patients typically describe acromioclavicular joint pain and a mechanism that is consistent with the damage. They will talk about pain over the joint that gets worse when they move or use their arm. The pain may also radiate to the shoulder or neck. Indirect and direct processes are the two most common explanations for AC joint damage. Imaging investigations are recommended when the physical examination and history point to a potential AC joint damage. Many exam techniques, if successful, can show pain that is unique to the AC joint. A thorough history and physical examination are required to diagnose the patient having AC joint Disorders.