Wild Grape Fruits Extracted by Different Solvents: Phytochemicals and Biological Activities

Abstract

This work aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the various colors wild grape fruits extracted by different solvents; water, methanol and ethanol. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric aluminum chloride assays, respectively, while antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2?-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The antibacterial activity against infective bacteria using agar well diffusion method of the extracts was also tested. Methanolic extracts showed the highest of TPC comparison to other extracts, especially in green extract. The ethanolic extracts of red and black fruits showed the highest of TFC whereas the green extract using methanol showed the highest TFC. The methanolic extracts of all color showed the lowest of IC₅₀ values when compared to other solvents in the same color. Among them, the methanolic extract of green has the lowest of IC₅₀ values which considered to be the highest powerful of antioxidant activity. The obtained results were directly trend with the FRAP values. However, the ethanolic extract showed similar antioxidant activity as comparison to the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract from green fruits showed good antibacterial activity. All ethanolic extracts showed widely and similarly on selected bacteria inhibition, but no activity was observed in all water extracts. The MIC and MBC of all extracts were in ranged of 250-500 µg/mL. The obtained results revealed that extraction solvents and different colors of wide grape fruits were the main factors on the phytochemicals and biological activities of the wild grape.