Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 4

Textiles are increasingly used in a variety of industries, including the construction industry. Because of their numerous distinctive properties, such as being lightweight, low cost, and durable, as well as delivering low energy consumption, flexibility, and resilience, "Textile Architecture" and "Fabric Structures" are acquiring new popularity in the construction world. Fabric structures have been utilized throughout history, beginning with the first tents created by humans to give shelter from harsh weather conditions when natural shelters were unavailable, and continuing to the current day, with structures that have been elaborated to fulfill the needs of increasingly complicated applications in various forms, shapes, and sizes. The purpose of this article is to examine the history of textile architecture, and to shed light on the wide range of contemporary modern uses and architectural applications, as well as to highlight the unique sustainable architecture's future prospects. The paper employs a descriptive research technique to trace the evolution of such structures in order to shed light on recent global developments in the field of architecture in terms of developing excellent sustainable designs and technical solutions that use textiles.

The methodology Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been implemented in all sectors of the construction industry. The structural design is a component of a building project, and as so it is important to understand which aspects of the project can admit changes with the implementation of BIM. In relation to the structural project there is still some resistance, justified by the limited ability of interoperability between the BIM modelling and structural analyses software. The study presents the applicability of BIM on structural projects supporting the development of the required sequential stages: the structural model generation; the analytical model preparation to perform the structural analyses and the reinforcement’s detail. In order to evaluate the interoperability between BIM platforms several available software were used, namely ArchiCAD, Revit and ETABS. This study aims to analyze the level of confidence in transfer data processes. This report points out the main strategy of operating BIM-based tools, the main advantages in the use of the methodology and some of the limitations essentially caused by the inefficient degree of interoperability. The study presents the methodology followed in the elaboration of two projects of real cases. The research aims to contribute to the dissemination of BIM in the structural project.

Aim: Exhaust emissions from Internal Combustion Engines cause severe health hazards apart from causing environmental disorders. Investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance of variable speed, variable compression ratio, four- stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI)engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 \(\mu\)m) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst with different test fuels of neat gasoline, gasohol (80% gasoline and 20% ethanol by volume) and methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with neat gasoline operation.

Study Design: Performance parameters of speed, compression ratio, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) were varied with different values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP).

Methodology: The exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) were measured with different values of BMEP. The engine was provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron and manganese ore as catalysts. There was provision for injection of air into the catalytic converter. The performance of the catalyst was compared with one over the other.

Brief Results: Brake thermal efficiency increased with gasohol with both versions of the engine. CCE showed improvement in the performance when compared with CE with both test fuels. Brake thermal efficiency increased with compression ratio and marginally with speed of the engine. Methanol blended gasoline decreased exhaust emissions effectively in comparison with gasohol with both versions of the engine. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollutants with different test fuels on both configurations of the engine.

Tubular adhesive joints are used in the construction, motorsport, and piping industries, despite the fact that they are rarely examined. This work numerically analysed, by finite elements (FE) combined with cohesive zone modelling (CZM), the tensile performance of aluminium tubular joints bonded with the adhesive Araldite^® 2015, considering geometric changes that potentially promote a strength improvement. Tubular joints present larger bonded areas and higher flexural strength owing to their overall stiffness. Axisymmetric CZM modeling for this purpose was validated prior to the numerical investigation by comparing experimental data. An outer chamfer, an inner chamfer (both in the adherends), and an adhesive fillet at the overlap ends were the geometric alterations investigated in this study. Due to adherend plasticization, the studied geometric alterations exhibited significant stress reductions but no noteworthy maximum load (P_m) variations.

The use of adhesive bonds greatly increased in industrial applications, as they have multiple advantages compared to other more traditional bonding methods (fastened, welded and riveted joints). The number of approaches to predict the strength of adhesive joints has increased over the years. The eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a recent variant of the (Finite Element Method) FEM to model damage growth in structures, although it is yet seldom studied within the context of bonded joints. This research includes of an experimental and XFEM investigation of three adhesively bonded aluminium alloy T-joints. The thickness of the curved adherends (t_P2) is studied parametrically, with values ranging from 1 to 4 mm. Different damage initiation and propagation criteria were used to assess the XFEM prediction capabilities. It was discovered that correct numerical results can be found if the modeling conditions are appropriately set.

The robust discrete Fourier transform (RDFT) technique, which is utilized for robust processing of frequency-modulated (FM) and wideband signals buried in non-Gaussian heavy-tailed noise, is discussed in this study. We focus on employing adaptive and non-adaptive robust estimators to perform spectral analysis and filtering of signals distorted by impulsive distortions. Several adaptive location parameter estimators are explored, and it is demonstrated that their use is preferable to non-adaptive counterparts. This is illustrated by comparing the efficiency of adaptive and non-adaptive RDFT techniques in various noise situations. In addition, recent achievements in the field are discussed.

In this work, we have developed secured SCADA based real time process parameter monitoring and control using Industrial IoT(IIoT) with Cloud Assist feature. Nowadays IIoT is being used by hundreds of process plants in thousands of unique applications globally. The parameters in process industries like Level, Flow, Temperature and Pressure are being monitored and controlled using cloud storage also presented. Cloud refers for accessing computer information over internet. We have used ‘ThingSpeak’ IoT analytics platform to aggregate, visualize and analyze all real time data of a process during run time, and it can be implemented with LabVIEW platform for more flexibility. Flow, temperature, pressure, and level may all be monitored and controlled wirelessly in this system using wireless sensors that communicate in full duplex mode. Passkey allows secure access to cloud data. In the event that any malfunctions occur, an alarm system is employed to notify the end user. The process station contains a wireless transmitter that sends data periodically, and the receiving portion has a Wi-Fi module that receives sent data. All of them are saved on the Cloud, which allows remote devices such as PCs, mobile phones, and tablets to access and control the data wirelessly. Furthermore, it may be coupled with automation tools such as SCADA and PLC with bidirectional control to assure operational safety and efficiency using the most up-to-date automation protocols.

Recycling of bituminous pavement refers to the reuse of existing damaged bituminous pavement material in the building and maintenance of flexible pavement. Reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP) is degraded pavement material that has been removed and reconditioned before being repurposed. In India, multiple types of bituminous layers are used during the building of flexible pavements, depending on the CBR of the sub-grade and the traffic count such as CVPD of the road stretch. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement can be classed into numerous groups depending on the type of bituminous layer used, such as PC Seal Coat, Bituminous Macadam (BM), Dense Grade Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC), or Bituminous Concrete (BC).  These categorised RAP groups materials will have diverse features, such as Rap aggregates and Recovered bitumen from various RAP groups. The Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) and Aggregate Abrasion Value (AAV) of RAP aggregates grouped in distinct groups were used in this study to characterize RAP. The findings will be compared to the standard AIV and AAV values necessary for bituminous construction to determine whether RAP aggregates are suitable for use in bituminous mixtures.

The present work is analysis of CaCO3, Al2O3 & TiO2 reinforced LDPE composite, which are moulded into the shape of the die prepared according to ASTM standard using injection moulding machine on a low budget, which can be functioned with a smaller amount of effort. The prepared specimens are tested for various mechanical properties. The characterization and production of Polymer Matrix composites which can be used as artificial bone implant materials are described in this study. Artificial bone materials can be used to heal or replace damaged bone. Many implant materials have been developed in the previous three decades, including metal alloys, ceramics, polymers, and other materials. Stress shielding and bone regeneration are the key issues with metallic bone implants. Polymeric bone implants may overcome these difficulties. Due to their cost effectiveness, greater strength and ease of fabrication, polymer composites are noticeable candidate almost in all areas. However, when they are used in their original form they possess very low wear resistance and hardness. The present investigation gives information on mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites where LDPE (Low density polyethylene) is used as polymer matrix and TiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CaCO₃ are used as reinforcements. The samples were prepared according to ASTM standards by injection moulding machine with varying percentage of reinforcements in polymer matrix. Tests viz., tensile, flexural impact are carried out.

Near Field Communication (NFC) has long been appealing to customers as a trendy feature for portable devices. Its use is increasing at a rapid rate as the number of NFC-enabled gadgets on the market grows. The objective of this device is to reply to the requests created by the initiator with related to responses. NFC has a lot of potential and is already being utilized in our daily lives to provide convenience in a variety of activities such as mobile payment methods, transportation ticketing machines, and access to a variety of ways. Block chain innovation offers with the human provider administrations to supply invulnerable records sharing amongst exclusive partners, records interoperability, adaptable and fast charging. In Today’s world, the technology has a fast increase in its upcoming future with a considerable digital transformation by way of making a higher substitute each day.

Background of the Problem: In the scenario of fast impoverish of conventional fuels, ever hike of pollution levels with conventional fuels, increase of financial bundle on emerging countries due to import of crude petroleum with foreign currency exchange rate, the investigation for alternative fuels has become relevant and important. Oils extracted from the seeds of the plant, and alcohols, manufactured from biomass are important replacements for conventional diesel, as they are reclaimable. Oils from the seeds of the plants have energy fuels per unit mass and cetane number (a measure of ignition quality in diesel engine) are on par with diesel fuel.  But they have high viscidity and low fugitive. On the other hand, biofuels have high transient. But they have low cetane number and low energy content per unit mass. Hence oils from the seeds of the plants are chemically converted into biodiesel to reduce viscidity and raised ignition quality. The problems of biodiesel are solved with engine, semi adiabatic diesel engine, which mitigate the heat flow to the coolant.        

Aim: Trials were performed on a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine or semi adiabatic diesel engine employing an air gap insulated piston with 3-mm air gap, with stainless steel crown and air gap insulated liner with stainless steel insert with various functions of conditions of jatropha bio-diesel with varied injection timing and injector opening pressure. 

Study Design: Configuration of the engine, conventional engine (CE) or low heat rejection (LHR), test fuels diesel or jatropha biodiesel, varied injection timing, varied injection pressure.

Objectives: 1. Preparation of biodiesel from crude vegetable oil, 2. Determination of optimum injection timing for a conventional engine (CE) and LHR engine with biodiesel, 3. Determination of performance parameters, pollution levels and combustion characteristics at recommended injection timing and optimum injection timing and various injector opening pressure with biodiesel.

Methodology: Performance parameters were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure. Pollution levels of smoke and oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) were recorded at the full load operation of the engine. Combustion characteristics at full load operation were determined with TDC (top dead centre) encoder, pressure transducer, console and special pressure-crank angle software package.

Brief Results: Conventional engine (CE) showed deteriorated performance, while LHR engine showed improved performance with bio-diesel operation at recommended injection timing and pressure. The performance of both version of the engine improved with advanced injection timing and higher injection pressure when compared with CE with pure diesel operation. Peak brake thermal efficiency increased by 4%, smoke levels decreased by 4% and NOx levels increased by 37% with biodiesel operation on LHR engine at its optimum injection timing, when compared with neat diesel operation on CE at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing.

The present study confirm energy dissipated in the human head, vary with the distance between the human head and the electromagnetic source, and with the variation of exterior medium parameters. The use of mobile phones is growing exponentially. Our problem is the electromagnetic field coupling between the radio frequency power source and the biological tissue (human head). To solve this problem, a system of equations placed and the choice of formulation of finite elements that coupled with the boundary integral formulation that adopts with the system. Knowledge of electromagnetic field at any point of  interior medium and the surface obtained by an integral formulation, based on boundary integral method. With this method we can assess the RF energy at each point of the interior medium (human head), basing on the parameters of the exterior medium, we are able to choose the best material of the interface's realization. The propagation of electromagnetic wave through the dielectric medium has correctly modeled and the use of the absorbing condition, which permits the analysis of the open field problem.

Security refers to a condition in which products, creatures, or individuals are given unique identification and the ability to move data over a network without relying on human-to-human or human-to-PC collaboration. The webcam was created as a result of the convergence of remote advances and the Internet. The security framework is the connection of something with anything else, typically the movement of useful information, such as a sensor in a location that monitors and controls temperature. To show a security alert system that uses low-power chips and the Internet of Things to help with checking and receiving alerts when movement is detected, as well as sending the data to an approved individual. Furthermore, an Internet of Things-based application can be used remotely to monitor activity and get notifications when movement is detected.  Hence, focal points like these make this application perfect for checking homes in nonappearance.

Primary health centers certainly require regional health records because this health center provides basic health services, one of which is related to coverage or needs for monitoring data. One of the health facilities that has already implemented SIMPUS is Ngaglik I Public Health Center in Sleman (an application of management information system for public health center). Clinical information systems have the potential to improve health-care facility performance, reduce operational costs, and improve patient happiness. To describe the use of SIMPUS at Ngaglik I Public Health Center and evaluate user understanding in accepting SIMPUS application based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This was a quantitative research using a survey method and analytical correlational research design. The sample consisted of 50 respondents who were selected by using a simple random sampling method. The data analysis technique was the SEM-PLS analysis technique with the TAM model and Smart-PLS software. Validity assay is carried out to test the accuracy of a measuring instrument towards any objectives to be achieved. A measurement result is said to be valid if it matches the objectives, and vice versa. The indicators for the level of validity generally use a rule of thumb to assess convergent validity and discriminant validity of measurement instruments. Statistically, the relationship between the Job Relevance and Perceived Ease of Use variables was weak (p-value = 0.818). There was a weak relationship between Output Quality and Perceived Ease of Use (p-value = 0.208). The perceived ease of use was unaffected by the users' job relevance to SIMPUS. The perceived ease of use was unaffected by output quality. The SIMPUS display's screen design had no effect on the intention to use it. The intention to utilise had no bearing on system usage. The intention to utilise had no bearing on system usage. The facilitation condition had no influence on system usage. The perceived ease of use and intention to use influenced system use. The capacity to demonstrate results affects perceived ease of use and intention to utilise.