Balagopal Ramdurai 2025. A Review of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Systems, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in Application Systems. Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 5. (Feb. 2025), 135–154. DOI:https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/stda/v5/4045.