Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Medical research has recently been greatly benefited from the radiomics approach. Using radiomics allows for noninvasive estimation of the pathology of cancer metastases before the collection of data usually obtained after surgery, which provides an early prediction of the outcome. This study sheds light on the implementation of radiomics in medical research. This paper outlined the main components of the radiomic framework, which include image acquisition, data collection and loading, image segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and data analysis. Moreover, it described the implementation steps for applying machine learning and deep neural network algorithms to radiomics. As a result of using deep neural networks, promising results have been obtained. As a result of this work, researchers should be aware of all technical issues in the radiomics framework that may affect the extraction of radiomics. 

Aerospace Organizations in the Aviation, Space, and Defense sector (A,S & D) are required to get Aerospace Standard AS certification in order to enter the market. AS 9100 D is suitable for any generic A, S&D organization, while AS9110C is applicable for MRO organizations and AS 9120B is appropriate for organizations involved in the supply and distribution of aerospace products and components. The certification is granted following a rigorous assessment by International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG) recognized Aerospace auditing companies known as Certifying Bodies (CB), and the procedure is rather costly.  This paper examines whether AS certified companies in Bangalore obtained perceivable results in their operations following the adoption of the stringent and costly Aerospace Quality Management System (AQMS) certification conforming to the Aerospace Standard AS 9100 D, and whether the adopted procedures established QMS principles in their planned activities.

The purpose of this article is to create a knowledge transfer between biology and technology and to integrate this knowledge into the development of bio-inspired structures in order to understand the importance and impact that the application of bio -inspiration in Architecture can have, on the energy debate.

To answer the question of how a rchitecture can respond to sustainability issues where buildings will behave in built environments like living organisms in the natural environment, scientists have turned to the investigation of living beings to design models that create new ways to think a bout a daptation, change, and performance in a rchitecture. At the same time, the development of technologies helps engineers, a rchitects, and designers inspired by bio-mimetics to recreate complex structures that exist in na ture, using innova tive construction methods and materials, with the aim of energy saving. The building shell is now constructed, not with tra ditional inert surfaces but with a living cladding, which in many cases includes a wide range of technologies based on the behavior of organisms found in nature. The strength of this approach is the identification and evaluation of multiple benefits rela ted to the energy efficiency of biomim etic solutions.

A thermo-analytical approach which is known as thermogravimetric analysis uses weight changes that occur whena sample is heated to a consistent pace to ascertain a material thermal balance & percentage of the unstable additives present. DSC analysis is used for measuringa variety of quantities, including melting temperature, latent melting warmth, fusion warmth, reaction power, and many more.Mass spectrophotometry is a potent analytical tool containing numerous uses in the biomedical & pharmaceutical industries. A device's increased sensitivity and resolution have opened up new avenues for the examination of prescribed medications and complex organic structure metabolites. The chemical properties and thermal stability of plant-based polymers isolated from chemically unique soils were revealed using thermogravimetry in conjunction with DSC, quadrupole mass spectrometry, and other techniques. TGA/DSC, when used in conjunction along with MS, isolates several ions from the pattern under study in accordance with a specific mass-to-charge ratio.The linked instrument is used to evaluate the powder coating's physical characteristics and degradation balance while also identifying organic components.

We try to give an answer to the following question. What should we take account of when designing and using AI systems so they contribute to the development of the socially embodied human intelligence on which human fulfilment depends? Speculations proliferate on the potential and influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly "Superintelligence," which is portrayed as a promising challenge by some and a terrifying menace by others. To traverse these talks without becoming bogged down in the intricacies and uncertainties of AI, we must return to their original simplicity, their starting point. That is, all technosciences are founded on a fundamental creative power that we all share: human intelligence. As a result, I offer a cultural and humanistic perspective to intelligence in this paper.  I contend that the current challenge to intelligence is not in its artificial advancement, but in its social embodiment and flourishing. The threat should be the decline of human intelligence, not the rise of'super-intelligent' machines.  We believe that computers do not understand anything: AI systems merely compute. We should design and use AI systems in such a way that they contribute to the development of socially embodied human intelligence, which is essential for human fulfillment. My primary goal is to emphasize the importance of humanity living from a condition of healthy, mature, and harmonious creative intelligence. This, I believe, is the secret to truly democratic peaceful civilizations, which I call creative democracies. Creative democracies are social manifestations of creative intelligence. The underlying power of the people is a well-developed and mature creative intelligence.

This chapter aimed to investigate and analyze the mechanisms used in the inspection of public contracts at a Federal University in Minas Gerais and of some federal public agencies and, in view of the results, to develop a customized tool that provides security, efficiency, training, interaction and productivity. For this study, two data surveys were conducted, the first with federal agencies    (Fig. 1), in the period from February/2021 to March/2021, through the Talk-BR platform for access to information (e-SIC), using a descriptive/qualitative approach that characterizes a certain population or phenomenon, correlating variables and their nature, without the goal of explaining them, even though they can be used as a basis for explanations. Public Administration, when promoting the materialization of the needs for goods/services, a universe of procedural rites must be followed from the requisition of the goods/service to its execution and payment. The modernization of activities, mainly through customized technological devices, tends to simplify task management, providing greater clarity of routine, consolidated data, speed in flows, security and better interaction between those involved, allowing greater transparency and innovation in the quality of public service processes with society. In light of the findings, a contract management-focused fiscal support program was created, which can be replicated by other federal public agencies and will be verified by auditors from the state of Minas Gerais' universities.

This chapter presents a roadmap of development of the Engineering Design Environment (EDE), based on service-oriented computing (SOC), and intended, in particularly, for modeling and optimization of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems, centered on components of various physical natures and being widely used in various scientific and engineering fields. Under SOC, the whole simulation procedure is divided into a collection of loosely-coupled, interrelated cloud services (specific software components with unified interfaces) which can be executed at various Cloud sites and may be dynamically orchestrated to carry out the simulation workflows created by the users of the web-based environment.  The Engineering Design Framework will support end users in developing customized simulation applications in the form of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) based provision. The Engineering Design Platform may be built on existing and proven technologies that will enable the project to deliver its results quickly. The WEB-based CAD Framework implementation uses the Internet tools and protocols to support the co-operation of several groups of designers working on the common tasks at their different stages.

With the long-term use of some new energy vehicles(NEVs) in China gradually falling into disuse, the echelon utilization of retired NEV batteries has been widely concerned, the number of participating enterprises have exceeded 40, and the built production capacity exceeding 30GWh/ year (about 270,000 tons/year). However, due to the limited number of retired batteries for current vehicles, the utilization rate of enterprise echlon utilization capacity is less than 12%, thus most enterprises are compatible with using new batteries for production to improve capacity utilization. In 2019, 13,000 tons of used batteries were recycled and echlon utilizatized, and 809MWh (about 9,700 tons) of echlon utilization products were produced. Among them, about 50% of the echelon utilization products are used in the field of base station power supply, 30% in the field of energy storage, 16% in the field of low-speed power and 4% in consumer electronic products. In summary, China’s retired NEV batteries echlon utilization industry has developed rapidly in recent years, and has formed a certain scale of production capacity, and actively explored many application fields such as base station power backup, energy storage and low-speed power. The industry has entered the initial stage of commercial operation.

The study conducted a cross-sectional observational analysis to evaluate the pattern of antiplatelet drug utilization among cardiovascular disease patients and to determine the prevalence of polypharmacy and its responsible factors such as age, gender, co-morbid condition, and patient-related drug use problems. A total of 150 patients were enrolled in the study, with 79% male and 21% female. The majority of patients belonged to the 51-60 age group, and patients diagnosed with IWMI (43.3%) had the highest prescribed antiplatelet agents. Smoking (54.7%) and alcohol (26.7%) were found to be the most dominant risk factors. The study found that 60.7% of patients had no comorbidity, while 31.3% had a comorbid cardiac condition. The most commonly prescribed antiplatelet agents were monotherapy of aspirin (28.8%), clopidogrel (16.7%), and combination therapy of both (51.2%). The study concluded that an increase in the number of co-morbidities can significantly increase drug utilization, which can further lead to drug use problems. Clinical pharmacists can play a crucial role in alleviating polypharmacy problems and their consequences. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the antiplatelet drug utilization pattern among cardiovascular disease patients and highlights the importance of clinical pharmacists in addressing polypharmacy problems.

Galileo's scientific revolution was that he extracted, abstracted, and grasped only the important aspects of the subject phenomenon. And he introduced an analytic method to science that typifies modern thinking that focuses on the 'how', the quantitative relationship between variables, away from the focus on 'why' in ancient Greek thinking. Our research aims to investigate Galileo's method for establishing a concept through thought experiments. The following research questions are presented for this study's purpose, focusing on inertia, which is considered to be his most significant discovery. The following research questions were developed with an emphasis on inertia, the area in which he made his most illustrious discovery. It is now possible to calculate the laws of motion of things using functions of time. In this respect, mathematical time was a decisive variable in making mathematisation of physical nature practical. The space for absolute time, which is a mathematical time, can be geometrically defined because, according to atomic theory, vacuum exists between an atom and an object composed of atoms or between objects, ignoring factors that interfere with motion, such as friction. Thought experiments, which were easier to perform at the time than laboratory experiments, were used to justify this mathematical abstraction strategy.

Most of the problems facing mankind today are classified into the following four problems. They are four issues of population, food, energy, and environment. They were part of an ecosystem, but after rapid population growth, technological innovation, and the introduction of the concept of economics, the ecosystem was destroyed by the economy. That is, when the population increases, it becomes necessary to increase food production, and mechanical power consumes a large amount of energy. Oil as an energy source emits carbon dioxide when burned. Carbon dioxide causes the problem of global warming and threatens the survival of human beings. The author has called these four issues a new terminology, the global tetralemma, and has stressed the need for immediate solutions. Although no optimal solution has been found to solve these four problems simultaneously and harmonically, however, agriculture has great potentials for solving these four problems. An urgent concern that has received the most attention in recent years is the building of a decarbonized society. Specifically, it is a shift from fossil energy to clean energy that does not emit carbon dioxide. In automobiles, there is a hot debate about what the next power source should be. In other words, the choice is between electricity, hydrogen, and biomass. The issue is what to do with the mainstream, but the possibility of hydrogen propulsion in the minority tends to surpass that of electricity. The ultimate energy is electricity, but we must be aware that both hydrogen and biomass are necessary for power generation. Electricity is considered the ultimate form of energy, but we must be aware that we need biomass and hydrogen as much for power generation.

This chapter looks at the current state of various problems occurring around us, introduces strategies, and policies, and technologies for dealing with them, and discusses Asian agrifuture development equipped with high technology and its economic promotion centered on ASEAN Economic Community, as well as concrete and feasible projects including its purpose, final goal, effects for Asia sustainability. It can be found from the discussion that agriculture holds the important key to overcoming the global tetralemma. Not only the energy sector but also the new material technologies are developed day by day such as Cellulose Nano Fiber, Bio-plastics, Nano bubble water etc.