Novel Molecular Targeted Therapies against Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, and Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma by Inhibitors of Carbon Anhydrase IX

Abstract

Cancer cells in solid tumors experience a reduced blood supply and hypoxia. To compensate deterioration in the intra-tumorous environment, hypoxia inducible factors, HIF-1\(\alpha\), HIF-2\(\alpha\) and HIF-3\(\alpha\), are induced, and numerous target genes are activated by these HIFs. Of these, CA9 is highly important because of its involvement in oncogenesis. In this review, first, CA9’s multifaceted roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival, metastasis and therapy resistance were summarized. Then, it was discovered that molecular targeted therapies by means of CA9 inhibitors against therapy resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN), and adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATL) were promising new treatments.