Effects of Mycophenolate Mofetil, Methotrexate and Pimecrolimus on cdk4 and p16 in Oral Lichen Planus

Abstract

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Mycophenolate mofetil, Methotrexate and Pimecrolimus on expression of cdk4 and p16, important proteins implicated in hyperproliferation and arrest in the G1 phase, in oral lichen planus (OLP).

Methods: In this randomised clinical trial, 60 patients were randomly assigned in three equal groups to receive either pimecrolimus cream, or Mycophenolate mofetil or Methotrexate, both supplemented with pimecrolimus. Pretreatment and post-treatment specimens were immunohistochemically stained for detecting Fas.

Results: A significant decrease in cdk4 cytoplasmic positivity was noted in all the three treatment groups and was especially more significant with MTX group (P<.0001) than the other two groups (P<.001). However a significant  decrease in the cdk4 nuclear staining was noted with only systemic treatment groups of MMF (P<.05) and MTX (P<.01), both supplemented with pimecrolimus.

No significant decrease in cytoplasmic p16 levels was noted in MTX group while a significant decrease in cytoplasmic p16 levels was noted in other 2 groups, however no significant decrease in p16 nuclear staining was noted with any treatment.

Conclusion: By decreasing the expression of cdk4 and p16, pimecrolimus, Methotrexate and Mycophenolate mofetil decrease the malignant potential of OLP lesions. However Methorexate can be a better alternative in cases showing high cdk4 expression.