https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/issue/feed 2023-03-15T12:44:27+00:00 Open Journal Systems <p><em>This book covers key areas of Medicine and Medical Science. The contributions by the authors include chronic pain, inguinal hernia, lichtenstein repair, dacryocystorhinostomy, local anesthesia, ultrasound, male breast cancer, bilateral synchronous breast cancers, invasive duct carcinoma, diet, physical activity, adiposity, dental caries, thyroid autoimmunity, anti TPO antibody, antepartum haemorrhage, postpartum haemorrhage, APGAR score, pregnancy, Vertigo, dizziness, audio vestibular medicine, vestibular neuritis, acoustic neuroma, developmental dysplasia of the hip, acetabulum, femoral head coverage, pelvic osteotomy, sexual abuse, penetrating spinal trauma, anaesthesiology, cardiothoracic surgery, spine surgery, anaesthesia induction, crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, tongue cancer, glossectomy, tongue reconstruction, local and regional flaps, free flaps, hypertension, microalbuminuria, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and dentistry. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Medicine and Medical Science.</em></p> https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9952 2023-03-15T11:44:57+00:00 Zaza Demetrashvili [email protected] Eka Ekaladze

<p>This chapter aims to determine the prevalence of chronic pain following Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair and risk factors for pain development.</p> <p>The study included 347 patients with primary unilateral inguinal hernia underwent Lichtenstein repair. Studies were done on certain preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data. Patients were examined for inguinal pain after one week following hernia repair (early postoperative pain), they were as well examined 1 and 3 months, 1, 2 and 3 years following the surgery.</p> <p>26 patients' records were lost throughout the observation. Following the surgical procedure, 321 individuals had examinations over the course of three years. One week later of the&nbsp; surgery 201 patients (62.6%) were experiencing&nbsp; inguinal pain of different intensity, one month later pain was experienced by 102 patients (31.8%), 3 months later - by 57 patients (17.8%), 1 year later - by 34 patients (10.6%), 2 year later - by 27 patients (8.4%) and 3 year later – by 25 patients (7.8%). Chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP) development is correlated with following factors: pre-operative pain (P&lt;0.001), young age (P=0.04) and moderate and severe early postoperative pain (P&lt;0.001). CPIP was not related to the following factors: occupation status, BMI, tobacco, hernia side, hernia type, operation time and anesthesia type. Risk factors for chronic postoperative inguinal pain following Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair are: preoperative pain, young age and moderate and severe early postoperative pain.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9953 2023-03-15T11:48:38+00:00 Hugo C. T. Siqueira [email protected] Clarissa M. M. Stoffel de Siqueira Marlon Miguel Bianchi de Lima Leonardo T. C. Lins

<p>Epiphora is a common ophthalmologic problem that frequently requires referral to an oculoplastic specialist. If the lower lacrimonasal duct is completely blocked, however, there may be mild to severe complications that necessitate surgery to provide a new drainage path. The surgical procedure used at the institutions where this study was conducted, the external dacryocystorhinostomy with silicon intubation, had better long-term results. This article presents a revision of 218 consecutive cases from December 2016 to June 2021 in two specialized centers with the same standardized surgical and anesthetic technique.</p> <p>&nbsp;In this chapter, 242 surgical prontuaries were selected, with 218 filling the inclusion criteria. 13% of patients required additional anaesthetic infusion prior to surgery, 2.7% required field anaesthetic infusion during surgery, and 6.4% required supplementary sedation, indicating a positive outcome because the number of patients with intraoperative complaints was low and overall comfort was high. After 24 hours, no patient required pain medication, according to the follow-up.</p> <p>This study suggests that the presented technique is feasible as an outpatient procedure with minimal, mild, and tolerable side effects.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9954 2023-03-15T11:52:22+00:00 Unmesh Vidyadhar Takalkar [email protected] Shilpa Balaji Asegaonkar Balaji Narayan Asegaonkar Pushpa Ravindra Kodlikeri

<p>We describe a rare case of synchronous bilateral breast cancer in an elderly male without any significant risk factors. Globally, breast cancer in men is exceedingly uncommon. The misinterpretation of signs and symptoms and lack of a proper medical history can lead to the progression of rare conditions to advanced stages. A 75-year- old male was presented with mass in right breast. After thorough clinical evaluation he underwent modified radical mastectomy for excision of tumor. Histopathologically, it was invasive duct carcinoma of grade II, stage II and positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and oral tamoxifen 20 mg daily were used to treat the patient. Three months later, a new lump in the opposite breast was discovered. Once more, the patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy after being given the diagnosis of stage II and grade II invasive duct carcinoma. He underwent hormone therapy as well as radiotherapy. We managed the case of synchronous bilateral breast cancer successfully at our center. After bilateral modified radical mastectomy patient received radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy with tamoxifen. In our case also patient had this common type of breast cancer, but within a period of three months he developed same type of tumor on contra lateral side. We managed the case with bilateral modified radical mastectomy, radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy with tamoxifen. The correct clinical assessment, mammography, and fine-needle cytology are crucial in the diagnosis of male breast cancer. To best manage patients with male breast cancer, in-depth research on the etiopathology of the disease is required.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9955 2023-03-15T12:01:53+00:00 P. Sirisha [email protected] B. S. Shakuntala

<p>This chapter aims to evaluate the role of diet, physical activity, and adiposity in children from schools of two different lifestyles and its influence on dental caries. Since childhood, dental caries has been a major health concern. Caries prevalence has increased in developing countries due to a variety of factors including diet, low socioeconomic status, fluoride exposure, ethnicity, age, limited access to oral health services, and other lifestyle factors. Childhood obesity and physical activity are linked and have been shown to influence the prevalence of dental caries. A cross-sectional study was performed by recruiting 300 children in the age group of 6-10 years. A questionnaire was given to the child and parent to collect data on diet, physical activity, and adiposity.Anthropometric measurements of all the children were recorded. The findings showed that Children from Group A were known to be more obese compared to the children from Group B. A statistically significant difference was observed with the caries experience amongst the two groups. The study concluded that diet, physical activity, and adiposity all have an impact on dental caries in children. Other additional factors include parents' socioeconomic status, education, and positive dental attitude.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9956 2023-03-15T12:04:38+00:00 Soma Gupta [email protected] Sanchayan Sinha

<p>This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to study prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant mother and autoimmunity among them.&nbsp; The fetomaternal outcome of the study population is also studied. Study population included 142 pregnant mothers in 3^rd semester of pregnancy. fT4, TSH concentration were measured from maternal serum and cord blood. TPO antibody was estimated in maternal serum. Maternal pregnancy outcomes were measured in terms of antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, as well as anaemia. The APGAR score and the baby's birth weight were used to assess fetal outcome. Prevalence of hypothyroidism was 28.87%, but Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity was 18%. The incidence of adverse maternal outcome was found to be statistically significant in hypothyroid state for maternal anaemia (Hb% &lt;10mg/dl) [odds ratio 2.32, p value = 0.0096].&nbsp; Adverse foetal outcome was found to be statistically significant in hypothyroid state for the following parameters: Low birth weight (&lt;2.5 kg) [odd ratio 2.37, p value= 0.026], Low APGAR score [odd ratio 14.25, p value &lt; 0.0001].</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9957 2023-03-15T12:07:31+00:00 Debashis Acharya [email protected]

<p>The key concepts in assessing, diagnosing and managing common vestibular disorders are briefly described. Differential diagnosis of vertigo along with certain characteristic traits are mentioned. Etiology and pathophysiology of associated symptoms of dizziness are discussed. The article gives a general overview of vertigo and how to treat it. Both researchers studying vertigo and doctors who treat vertigo can benefit from it. It introduces medical professionals to a methodical method of evaluating patients who are dizzy. It takes a lot of practise to master Verigo. A solid history is first and foremost the cornerstone of treating a patient who is dizzy. This is followed by appropriate examination and investigations. The general practitioner is the first expert to be involved in the management of dizzy patient followed by specialists in particular Otorhinolaryngologists, Audiovestibular Medicine Specialists and Neurologists and finally, allied healthcare personnel. Here are a few succinct descriptions of the key ideas in assessing, diagnosing, and treating common vestibular disorders. Vertigo differential diagnosis and a few identifying characteristics are mentioned. The pathophysiology and aetiology of the associated symptoms of lightheadedness are discussed. Timing and triggering factors' importance is emphasised. The role of nystagmus in separating central from peripheral vertigo is discussed along with balance and gait. Drug therapy and physical rehabilitation reduce the functional disability of vertigo patients &amp; improve their quality of life.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9958 2023-03-15T12:09:41+00:00 Suvorov Vasyl [email protected] Filipchuk Viktor Zyablovskyi Evhen

<p>This chapter aims to assess the femoral head coverage in healthy children younger than 6 years. This study included 270 hip joint CTscans, and digital pelvic models were created according to these scans. FH coverage by the five acetabular regions was assessed according to patient’s age and sex. It was found that the growth process of different acetabular regions occurs nonlinearly with the periods of acceleration. Examining sex variations in the FH coverage, it was discovered that male children had more extensive superior-anterior covering while female children had posterior coverage.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9959 2023-03-15T12:12:44+00:00 K. Niang A. Gueye P. Ndiaye [email protected]

<p>Establishing the epidemiological profile of sexual abuse was the goal of this investigation. Sexual abuse is a public health problem because of its magnitude, its severity on the victims and their vulnerability linked to human behavior. The study had two parts and spanned four years (2009–2012). One, quantitative, was based on the use of all victim records from three reception centers. The other, qualitative, focused on interviews of professionals involved in the care of victims.</p> <p>There were 78 cases in total. The victims, with 14(±7) years on average age, were mostly educated in French (72%), from Dakar area (85%), students (61%), under parental supervision (55.1%), and less than 4 siblings (59%). The alleged perpetrators, whose average age is 29 (±11) years, were predominantly acquaintances (51%), parents (36%) for the victims, and of unspecified profession (69.23%). The sexual abuse, incestuous in 18% of cases, was more frequently linked to rape (68%) committed at the alleged perpetrators’ (37.2%) and followed by behavioural disorder (47%), pregnancy (15%), alcoholism and/or running away (12%). According to professionals, the victims are typically minors from disadvantaged areas. The victim's post-traumatic treatment is delayed as a result of the victim's judicial concern, which is often the first reaction of parents.&nbsp; The management should focus on socio-economic development; Information, education and communication, favour prevention and accessibility of functional structures with competent and motivated professionals, facilitate the treatment of residual cases.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9960 2023-03-15T12:15:56+00:00 Asish Karthik P. S. Shijin Prabhleen Kaur [email protected] Rini Sara Varghese C. H. Aiswarya

<p>The present study discusses the anaesthetic management of this unusual case and the development of the "Two Trolley Technique" for supine positioning, a deviance from recommended intubation techniques for penetrating back trauma. Due to the inability to position supinely, penetrating trauma to the back presents the anaesthesiologist with numerous challenges in managing the airway and obtaining central lines. Although earlier descriptions of lateral position intubation for the same purpose exist, it is still unfamiliar. We can restrict the mobility of the penetrating object and, at the same time, not deviate to the uncommon domain of lateral position intubation.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9961 2023-03-15T12:20:07+00:00 Maria Tsoukka [email protected] Eleni Jelastopulu George Charalambous Panagiota Evangelou

<p>The study investigated the impact of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Greek Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire. 100 patients with IBD were evaluated. The study found that age, gender, and family status affected HRQoL in patients with UC and CD. Higher HRQoL scores were observed in males, older ages in UC, married in CD, and CD patients treated with biological factors. The study concluded that IBD had a negative impact on HRQoL.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9962 2023-03-15T12:23:28+00:00 Sara Elbaz [email protected] Shadi Awny Ashraf Shoma

<p>The tongue is a muscular organ that is essential to natural speech and swallowing, and healthy tongue function is vital for the overall quality of life. Nowadays, Tongue cancer has been increasing among oral cancer patients. In the case of resection of the tongue tumor, reconstructive surgery is required to restore its function in a majority of patients. Therefore, A review article illustrates the current knowledge of tongue cancer with emphasis on the different treatment options which are available for the reconstruction of glossectomy defects.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9963 2023-03-15T12:29:34+00:00 Mostafa Qaid Al Shamiri [email protected] Saeed MG Al-Ghamdi Rafif M Farahat Hosam Nasr El Desouki Mohammed Saeed ElNazer Hossam El Deen Moustafa Saleh Ashraf Abdulghani Abo El Naga Adil Mohammed Salih Khedr Abdul Aal Mahmoud Nasim Ahmad Ahmad

<p>An observational study design was chosen to reflect real-life conditions and draw on the efficacy of pharmacological management of hypertension in control- ling albuminuria. Microalbuminuria is brought on by hypertension, and if it is not controlled, it can lead to kidney damage. Although the primary goal of antihypertensive therapy is to lower blood pressure (BP), it has also been demonstrated to reduce urine albumin excretion. Antihypertensive drugs' renoprotective effects include slowing or stopping the progression of albuminuria. A national, multicenter, observational, longitudinal study (RATIONAL) evaluated the correlation between antihy- pertensive treatment effect and microalbuminuria evolu- tion over 12 months, between May-2016 and July-2018.</p> <p>Of 409 patients, 60% had uncontrolled BP at baseline, down to 34% at 12 months. Over 80% of patients were on mono or double antihypertensive therapy, and angiotensin- receptor blockers (ARB) topped the list of medication classes. Albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) significantly decreased throughout the study, indicating that BP control is paramount to prevent target organ damage. BP change most strongly correlated with ACR change upon triple therapy (ARB + calcium channel blocker + \(\beta\)-blocker). Importantly, 25% (at 6 months) and 38% (at 12 months) of patients reverted back to normoalbuminuria, mostly upon renin-angiotensin system blockers. Around 80% of study patients had also diabetes, a common condition in KSA, which significantly hindered achievement of normoalbuminuria at 12 months. This study gave an overview of pharmacological man- agement of hypertension in kidney damage patients, and shed light on high diabetes prevalence in this patient population.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9964 2023-03-15T12:41:01+00:00 Chandini [email protected] A. Siddharth Shetty Kumari Padma A. T. Safeekh

<p>Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a neurological condition predominantly seen in the elderly population. Core symptoms of this disorder are slowly progressive gait disturbances, falls, and ataxia followed by cognitive decline and urinary incontinence. Neuropsychiatric sequelae are a common occurrence in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International). https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9965 2023-03-15T12:44:27+00:00 S. K. Aziz Ikbal [email protected] Zeba Rahman Siddiqui

<p>Along with functional periodontal health, esthetic demand is increasing among patients. Creating a perfect smile through periodontal plastic procedures or multidisciplinary approaches involving orthodontic, restorative, and prosthetic specialties is a real challenge in esthetic dentistry. “Black triangle” is one of the common causes that can compromise esthetic. Black triangle is open gingival embrasure cervical to interproximal contact. Its presence may also cause problem in phonetic and retention of food debris. This article discusses the definition, causes, classification, prevalence, and various approaches in handling the case of black triangle.</p>

2023-03-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (B P International).