Model of Trigger Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Review

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic has reached almost every country in the world; this crisis continues to have a significant impact on terms of lives lost and global economic growth. Current understanding of its pathogenesis is relevant to control the currect public emergency. This review aims to analyze the information on the molecular mechanisms that trigger the alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 from published articles related to COVID-19. The COVID-19 virus infects people when the SARS-CoV-2 S protein reaches cells with ACE2 receptors, which are primarily found in the upper respiratory tract, followed by the oral cavity, and, in a lesser frequency through the conjunctiva. Inflammation and thrombus formation in symptomatic patients are the major causes of SARS-CoV-2 aggravation. This is due to an imbalance of regulation caused by diminishing ACE2 receptors, which serves to activate the regulatory axis Ang-II\(\rightarrow\) ACE2 \(\rightarrow\) Ang-(1-7) \(\rightarrow\) MAS receptor, which counteracts the negative effects of Ang-II. The ACE2 is also the main receiver for SARS-CoV-2, allowing it to initiate virulence processes in the host.