Novel Innovations in Bone Graft Substitutes for Periodontal Regeneration: A Review

Abstract

Periodontitis is a condition that causes the periodontal tissues to deteriorate. Clinical or surgical therapies are widely established as a necessary step in the re-establishment of periodontal tissue health. The introduction of newer biomaterials has increased the number of treatment options accessible and improved the long-term prognosis of teeth with periodontal disease. The convergence of physical and biological components of material science is known as biomaterial science. Biomaterials include bioinert, bioactive and bioresorbable materials. The progression in the field of material science is phenomenal progressing from macro particles to nano particles. They are made up of organic or inorganic materials and are derived from vital or non-vital bone sources. The majority of these biomaterials have structural, mechanical, and biofunctional limits, and their performance is determined by patient factors such as age, defect size, and compliance. The numerous advances in biomaterials and their uses in periodontal therapy are reviewed in this chapter.