Enhanced RF Energy Harvesting: Comparative Analysis of a Novel 3-Point Star Rectifying Antenna at 2.4 GHz

Abstract

The rectenna serves as a pivotal device for realizing efficient long-distance wireless power transfer. This study contributes to the progression of rectenna technology by introducing a novel antenna configuration: the '3-point star.' In this innovative design, a triangular element is seamlessly integrated with three sides of a square microstrip patch antenna, forming a distinctive geometry. We systematically evaluate the performance of this '3-point star' design in comparison with the conventional square microstrip patch, both operating within the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band. The evaluation encompasses an analysis of crucial performance parameters, including gain, directivity, return loss, radiation pattern, and efficiency, all simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Our investigation uncovers intriguing insights attributed to the '3-point star' design. Notably, the strategic incorporation of the triangular element (juxtaposed with the conventional square patch design) enhances the antenna's gain, directivity, and return loss. This suggests a potential improvement in energy capture and signal propagation, vital for effective wireless power transfer systems. Additionally, we extend our scrutiny to the rectifying component, wherein we design and simulate a greinacher voltage-doubler featuring two HSMS2820 diodes. Spanning a range of input power levels (10 dBm - 34 dBm) and accommodating various load resistances (220 \(\Omega\), 380 \(\Omega\), and 810 \(\Omega\)), our simulations unveil a maximum conversion efficiency of 88.02% at 28 dBm input power for the 810 \(\Omega\) load resistance. The distinctive geometry of the '3-point star' antenna design introduces an innovative dimension to wireless energy harvesting. Its potential to enhance critical performance metrics, as underscored by our findings, augments its significance in modern power transfer systems. Through this exploration, our study enriches the understanding of rectenna technology, paving the way for novel advancements in wireless power transfer applications.