Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes with Reduced Bandgaps by Varying Electrolytic Concentrations: A Recent Study

Abstract

The major goal of this research is to develop titanium dioxide nanotubes with reduced bandgaps for hydrogen production. Nanoscaled materials have many different qualities than bulk materials, which has led to major breakthroughs in science and technology. Because of their functional features, such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, titanium dioxide nanotubes offer a lot of potential. Electrochemical anodization at a constant DC voltage of 12V for 1 hour produces TiO2 nanotubes. The electrolyte for the sample is 0.25 wt% potassium fluoride dissolved in 99 percent ethylene glycol with a molarity of 0.004M. For samples B,C and D the electrolyte was prepared by the dissolution of 0.004M of ethylene glycol with copper nitrate (Cu(NO₃) 2 3H₂O) solution of different concentration (0.002mM, 0.003M,0.004M). Field Emission Scanning Microscopy and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy were used to investigate the formation of titanium dioxide nanotubes, and the results were described.