Ethosomes: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery

Abstract

Ethosomal systems are newer lipid vesicular carriers that have been in use for 20 years, and during that time, they have grown significantly as a means of transdermal drug delivery. Ethosomes are phospholipid-based elastic nanovesicles containing a high concentration of ethanol (20–45%). To develop these elastic nanovesicles, ethanol is added to the vesicular systems, where it acts as an effective penetration enhancer. The improved composition of ethosomes offers significant advantages in delivering therapeutic agents compared to conventional liposomes, particularly for various pathologies, including acne, psoriasis, alopecia, skin infections, and hormonal deficiencies, among others. Ethosomes are soft, malleable vesicles designed for enhanced delivery of active agents. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive account of the properties and preparation of ethosomes, followed by their characterization and a list of drugs incorporated into ethosomes.