Recent Advances in Solubility Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Soluble Drugs

Abstract

This review discusses the recent advances in solubility enhancement techniques aimed at improving the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The key techniques include particle size reduction, nanosuspensions, and cryogenic approaches. Particle size reduction, through processes such as micronization and high-pressure homogenization, increases the drug surface area and enhances dissolution rates. Nanosuspensions, with particle sizes in the nanometer range, improve solubility by increasing surface energy and preventing drug aggregation. Cryogenic techniques such as spray freezing and ultra-rapid freezing enable the formation of amorphous or nanostructured drug particles, further promoting solubility. These techniques play a crucial role in overcoming formulation challenges, particularly for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II and IV drugs, ultimately leading to improved bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes.