Dietary Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in an Indigenous East African Population

Authors

  • Richard Wismayer Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Julius Kiwanuka Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Henry Wabinga Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Michael Odida Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/pramr/v2/4525E

Keywords:

Colorectal cancer, East Africa, protective factors, risk factors, high-income developed countries, low-income developed countries

Abstract

Introduction: Low-income countries in East Africa have a lower incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than high-income countries; however, the incidence has steadily increased in the last few decades. In East Africa, the extent to which genetic and environmental factors, particularly dietary factors, contribute to the aetiology of CRC is unclear. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine the relationship between dietary factors and CRC in an indigenous population in East Africa.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study and recruited 128 cases and 256 controls, block matched for age (±5 years) and sex. Data regarding diet were obtained from all the participants using an interview-based questionnaire. The potential dietary risk factors and protective factors evaluated included the type, frequency of meat consumed and the type and frequency of fibre foods consumed. The frequency was either 4x and above/week or 2-3x/week or 1x/week or never. Ordinal and conditional logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratios associated with the different risk and protective factors.

Results: The mean age (SD) was 53.5(16.2) years and the male:female ratio was 1:1 for all the participants. The most significant risk factors included consumption of boiled beef 2-3x/week (aOR:1.63; p<0.001) and consumption of fried chicken 2-3x/week (aOR: 2.60; p=0.027). Consumption of high fibre foods, including:- cassava for \(\ge\)4x/week (aOR: 0.40; p=0.016), millet for 1x/week (aOR: 0.49; p=0.034) and for \(\ge\)4x/week (aOR:0.32; p=0.001), spinach for \(\ge\)4x/week (aOR:0.30; p=0.003), and potatoes 2-3x/week (aOR: 0.44; p=0.041), were protective against CRC.

Conclusions: The consumption of cooked meat increases the risk of CRC, while the intake of high-fibre foods may reduce the risk of CRC among Ugandans. We recommend nutritional educational programmes to increase public awareness regarding the protective role of a high fibre diet and to limit the intake of cooked meat in our indigenous East African population.

Published

2022-12-30

How to Cite

Richard Wismayer, Julius Kiwanuka, Henry Wabinga, & Michael Odida. (2022). Dietary Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in an Indigenous East African Population. Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 2, 64–85. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/pramr/v2/4525E

Issue

Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 2

Section

Chapters