Quality of Sleep and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV/AIDS on Follow up at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

The current study sought to examine sleep quality and its associated characteristics in HIV/AIDS patients. Sleep disturbance is a typical problem among HIV/AIDS patients. Despite its impact on treatment adherence, quality of life, work productivity, and the risk of chronic illness, sleep disruption remains under-recognized and under-studied in Ethiopia. As a result, scientific evidence is required to bridge the knowledge gap and management areas.

From April to May 2018, an institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 408 individuals chosen through a systematic random sample approach at Zewditu Memorial Hospital. To assess sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was employed.

The magnitude of poor sleep quality was 55.6%. Being female [AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: (1.80, 6.41)], depression [AOR =3.52, 95% CI: (1.95, 6.32)], CD₄count \(\le\) 200 cells/mm³ [AOR = 3.18, 95%CI: (1.65, 6.13)], duration of HIV/AIDS Diagnosis [AOR = 3.43, 95% CI: (1.61, 7.29)], current use of tobacco [AOR = 5.69, 95% CI: (2.04, 15.9)] and chat or caffeinated drinks [AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: (1.06, 6.64)] and poor sleep hygiene [AOR = 3.55, 95% CI: (1.85, 6.78)] were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. More over half of the study participants had poor sleep quality. A variety of factors influence the sleep quality of those living with HIV/AIDS. Routine screening for sleep problems in people living with HIV/AIDS and early intervention based on the results is recommended.