Clinical Applications and Theoretical Models of Hyperthermia: A Review

Abstract

This paper will review the research on clinical applications of hyperthermia using nanoparticles stimulated by an alternating magnetic field and electromagnetic waves such as microwave and laser, as well as the foundation of the theoretical model used in bio-thermal applications. There are numerous challenges that arise when using hyperthermia to target tumoral cells while not affecting normal cells. Nanotechnology applications, which aid radiotherapy and chemotherapy, have revolutionized diagnosis, treatment planning, imaging, and medical machinery. The ability of nanoparticles to kill or freeze cancer cells by raising heat locally is a prominent application of nanoparticles. Several challenges confront the use of nanoparticles in hyperthermia, including: adequacy and uniformity of nanoparticle accumulation at the tumor site, quality control issues impeding clinical translation of nanoparticles, biocompatibility related to toxicity, and delaying effects of retained nanoparticles.