Molecular Analysis of Rhizopus Fungal Species on Deteriorating Historical Sandstone Monuments: An Advanced Approach

Abstract

Sandstone  monuments  may  support  the  broad  categories  of  microorganism  that  are active  in  process  of  biodeterioration. Sandstone monuments have the compound of consortia of Bryophyte and fungi. Fungi  is considered  the most  effective  group  of microorganism causing  biodeterioration  of  sandstone  monuments. Fungal  units  grows in  the  outdoor  conditions  in  presence  of  low  amount  of  nutrition  and  water  it  can start  fungal  colonization and  the  biodeterioration  processes. Observing microorganisms on cultural heritage objects does not automatically assume that they actually change the physical properties or chemical composition of the sandstone. Our research study goals are Seclusion as well as Recognition of Fungi by utilizing molecular methods RFLP as well as RAPD. Eleven  fungal  species  were isolated  having  dominance  over sandstone  structures  of  the  different  monuments. During  the  investigation  it  was  observe  that Aspergillus  species  are  dominant  than Rhizopus  species.  Micro fungi  cause  discoloration  and  mechanical  exfoliation  of different  monuments  that  was  analyzed  production  of  dark  pigments, Hyphae penetration  and  organic  Acid  during  the  identification  using  molecular  technique. Therefore, in this review, we summarise the current knowledge about Rhizopus.