Study on Biological Characteristics of Structural and Functional Remodelling in Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Exercise

Abstract

The purpose of this review was to compare differences and similarities in structural-functional rearrangements in skeletal muscle in endurance and resistance training and the effect of these changes on endurance and strength capacity. The effect of locomotory activity on skeletal muscle form and function has been investigated for more than a half-century. These alterations are clearly dependent on the mode of action. Resistance and endurance exercise training have different impacts on metabolic pathways, skeletal muscle architecture, protein synthesis and degradation rates, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle spindles, as well as their intensity and length. The comparison of morpho-functional changes in different skeletal muscle fiber types may help an exercise biologist, sport physician, endurance and strength specialist to better understand the nature of specificity of different training modes on the functional capacity of an organism and build up exercise training strategies for both recreational and top athletes.