A Study on Ten-Year Risk Assessment of Cardiovascular Events among Adults Visiting a Tertiary Care Institution, Farrukhabad, India

Abstract

Using the WHO/ISH Risk prediction Chart at ten years, the study sought to determine the CVD risk among adult patients from the general community who visited the OPD of the Urban Health and Training Centre (UHTC). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a significant public health problem affecting national economic and social development, and ranks among the top causes of death in the world. Thus, people pay increasing attention to the prevention, control, and risk assessment of CVD. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including Myocardial infarction and stroke. Risk factors included are both modifiable and non-modifiable, like age, sex, blood pressure, smoking status, total blood cholesterol and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. In the above background it is important to find out the risk of CVDs among patients visiting UHTC of a tertiary care institute. Early detection of risk probability will alert them to modify the involved risk factors to avert the CVDs. In the department of Community Medicine, a cross-sectional study was conducted from august 2017 to January 2018. A total of 400 subjects were enrolled. Data were collected using the World Health Organisation (WHO)/ISH ten years risk prediction chart. Chi-square test was applied and level of significance were obtained at p value <0.05. Majority (58.75%) of the population belonged to the young adult age group (30-50 years). There were 216 males and 184 females. Overall, 7.75% people were diabetic, and 11.25% were smoker. Majority (69.5%) of the people had less than 10% risk for CVD, and 5.75% people had \(\ge\) 40% risk. With respect to total serum cholesterol, 8.25% had high level of cholesterol. Statistically significant association was observed between socio-economic status (Modified Kuppuswami scale) and cardiovascular event (p<0.00001). Middle income group were more at risk compared to others p<0.00001. People with middle incomes and younger age groups were more likely than those with low incomes and older age groups to develop CVDs in the future. Therefore, early lifestyle management may prevent CVDs. Additionally, this study opens the door for additional investigation into the relative importance of the various CVD risk variables.