Nephrotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Diagnostic Challenge

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment but are not complication-free. Nephrotoxicity is relatively uncommon but often underestimated. The incidence of acute kidney injury related to checkpoint inhibitor therapy is increasing with the widespread use of these novel anti-cancer agents. Diagnosis can be challenging and delayed, which increases the risk of complications.  Management usually consists of treatment discontinuation and corticosteroid therapy as indicated. Vigilance and early diagnosis are the keys to better survival and outcome.