New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 10

This paper considered the increasingly sophisticated role of artificial neural networks (ANNs) after its applications at the interdisciplinary discipline incorporating neuroscience, education, and cognitive sciences. Recently, those applications have resulted in some interesting findings which recognized and adopted by neurological, educational, in addition to linguistic researchers. Accordingly, ANN models vary in relation to the nature of assigned brain functioning to be modeled. For example, as human learning that takes place autonomously according to received stimuli that are realistically simulated through self?organization modeling. This paper adopts the conceptual approach of (ANN) models inspired by functioning of highly specialized biological neurons specified in reading brain based on the organization the brain’s structures/substructures. Additionally, in accordance with the prevailing concept of individual intrinsic characterized properties of highly specialized neurons, presented models closely correspond to performance of these neurons for developing reading brain in a significant way. More specifically, introduced ANN models herein concerned with the importance of reading brain’s cognitive goal in fulfillment of enhanced academic achievement. That’s to translate visualized (orthographic word? from) into a spoken voiced word (phonological word?form). In this context, ensembles of highly specialized neurons inside human brain considered as a neural network. The presented work illustrates via ANN simulation and practical obtained results: How ensembles of highly specialized neurons could be dynamically involved in performing the cognitive function of developing reading brain. In more details, this paper presents an interdisciplinary approach adopting a fairly realistic approach of comparative academic performance assessment of two diverse educational methodologies. More specifically, this piece of research aims to improve conventional (classical) academic performance of Teaching How to Read Arabic Language using Methodology via application of a designed Computer Based Learning module. That’s shown to be in well agreement likewise the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), associative memories theories, cognitive multimedia, and classical conditioning. More specifically, coincidence detection learning process has been adopted for evaluation of brain reading performance. Interestingly, presented comparative study originated from the children’s brain response time till reaching learning process convergence that is mapped into academic achievement (outcome mark) values. Accordingly, there response time has been adopted as an appropriate ANN’s candidate parameter for assessment of both educational methodologies. Moreover, analysis of students’ individual differences has been presented after reaching desired output (correct) answer.

This piece of research adopts the conceptual approach of (ANN) models inspired by functioning of highly specialized biological neurons in reading brain based on the organization the brain’s structures/substructures. Additionally, in accordance with the prevailing concept of individual intrinsic characterized properties of highly specialized neurons, presented models closely correspond to performance of these neurons for developing reading brain in a significant way. More specifically, introduced models concerned with their important role played in carrying out cognitive brain function’ outcomes. The cognitive goal for reading brain is to translate that orthographic word? from into a spoken word (phonological word?form). In this context herein, the presented work illustrates via ANN simulation results: How ensembles of highly specialized neurons could be dynamically involved in performing the cognitive function of developing reading brain. This study shows that flock of neurons interacts together among the flock’s agents to perform a specific common role (Reading function) via visual and auditory brain areas.

The spectral analysis of simulated N-team of interacting decision makers with bounded rationality constraints of Oladejo, that assumed triangular probability density function of command input is hereby restructured and analysed, to have hierarchical command inputs that are predicated on order statistics distributions. The results give optimal distributions. Optimal distribution values obtained can be taken as system efficiency of the model, that can be used for system control.

The mathematical and computational chemistry involving the computation of topological indices is a
trending research topic because of the importance of topological index in the chemical graph theory.
Topological index is used to predict bioactivity of the molecular graphs of chemical compounds in the
chemical graph theory. Hence, we obtain an expression of Randic index and sum-connectivity index
of Transformation graphs of a compliment graph. We also extend the same for regular graph.

This chapter provides suggestions for developing and implementing academic lectures on Service Design Thinking addressed to students of Higher Education Institutions (HEI), based on a case study carried out at the Department of Education Studies of University of Bologna.

It reports some advice and tips for teaching this new concept. Also, it points the attention on some aspects raised during the delivery of lectures in classroom that deserve to be shared with the growing community of professionals interested in this concept.

This contribution focuses mainly on practical aspects that should be considered when organizing lectures on this theme. Therefore, the chapter consists of three sections:

• Presentation of innovative pedagogic approaches adopted to define a theoretic framework of reference.
• Provision of literature’s sample analyzed and used for developing lectures.
• Reflection about lessons learnt.

This work is a collection of practical implication and feedback emerged during the experience carried out and it is aimed at stimulating a wide confrontation in order to find practices that can help to understand “how and what” to teach about Service Design Thinking in HEI context.

Vegetable oils are a potential alternative to partial or total substitution of diesel fuels. In this study, we used Acetone as an additive to investigate the possible use of increased percentages of bio-oil in diesel engine without any retrofitting. Bio-oil was made by pyrolysis process. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was feed stroke for bio oil. Number 2 diesel fuel containing 20% bio oil and 80% diesel fuel, is called here as B20. The effects of Acetone, blended with B20 in 4, 8, 12% by volume were used in a single cylinder, four strokes direct injection diesel engine. The effect of test fuels on engine torque, power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, were ascertained by performance tests. The influence of blends on CO, HC, NO and smoke opacity were evaluated by emission tests. HC emission was reduced by 34%, smoke density reduced by 16% and the NO emission is reduced remarkably by 49.4% while the engine was operated by 12% Acetone with B20 when comparing neat diesel operation. CNSL can be alternately used as fuel for diesel engine. Consequently 20% CNSL bio oil and 12% Acetone as additive was the better alternate fuel blend for diesel engines without any engine modification.

The studied predictive model of behavior viscosimetric is the model of K.A. Petersen [1]. The dominant idea of this method is to characterize the viscosity of a fluid from two models taken as a reference in passing through a reduced pressure. The method is corresponding state with two references. This study shows that this method is dependent on the choice of reference and for each of the possibilities of C₁₀/C₆H₆ and C₁/C₁₀ references. The results were investigated for four different weight ratios. It shows that the introduction of an adjusted coefficient does not improve significantly compared to results without adjustment factor, which appears to be the best choice. Regarding the influence of the choice of references, generally the two couples appear suitable but we noted that the choice is not necessary. In the case of mixtures containing at least one aromatic, the results are correct, especially if one takes the ratio of adjustment and our ratio without adjustment compared to that of K. A. PETERSEN. The experimental results of the viscosity exhibit a good agreement with the calculated values. We can predict that the relative improvement is the finding that the introduction of the second body of reference (C₁₀) from the model states corresponding to a reference (C₁) of the authors.

In the present work, a finite element model is developed to analyze the response of isotropic and orthotropic beams, a common structural element for aeronautics and astronautic applications. The assumed field displacements equations of the beams are represented by a first order shear deformation theory, the Timoshenko beam theory. The equations of motion of the beams are derived using Hamilton's principle.  The shear correction factor is used to improve the obtained results. A MATLAB code is constructed to compute the natural frequencies and the static deformations for both types of beams with different boundary conditions. Numerical calculations are carried out to clarify the effects of the thickness-to-length ratio on both the Eigen values and the deflections of the beams due to the applied mechanical load. The obtained results of the proposed model are compared to the available results of other investigators, good agreement is generally obtained.  

Perovskites are very interesting for applications such as optoelectronic devices emitting light, such as OLEDs and lasers. On the other hand, one can consider using these perovskites in a very special architecture: the tandem cells. The principle of these tandem cells is to put in series two types of absorbers to optimize the absorption of the solar spectrum and thus increase the efficiency of the cells: the perovskites could make it possible to increase the collection of the UV part of the solar spectrum. Many perovskite crystals (ABX3) have been discovered to present second order properties for NLO, they undergo phase transitions in which they transform into slightly disordered structures            of the original crystals. Perovskite crystal CsSnBr3 undergoes three successive phase transitions at  T = 19.1 and 26°C. The crystal symmetry is sequentially transformed from rhombohedral to monoclinic then to cubic with a decreasing temperature, and this phase transition influences the structural properties and consequently the electronic and optical properties of this material. The results found for the perovskite cubic structure have been compared with experimental values ??and other theoretical works and they are in good agreement, but concerning the monoclinic structure, our results consist of a prediction. The calculation of the electronic properties shows the semi-conductor character of this material since there is a small spacing of the valence (Br-4p5) and conduction (Sn-5p2) bands which is estimated at Eg = 0.5375 eV in the cubic structure. This gap energy plays a key role in evaluating the use and yield of this material in solar cells.

A gradient search algorithm is proffered for finding the maximal visible area polygon (VAP) from an interior point of a simple polygon . The area function over all points  is not well behaved, being in general neither convex nor concave, including points that may be non-differentiable and even discontinuous. The area function  returns the visible area viewed by any point in the polygon . We develop a "back diagonal partition" (BDP) of based on the vision properties of its reflex vertices. Our maximal VAP algorithm is gradient based and converges in a finite number of steps, It has polynomial complexity , for a polygon  with vertices, and reflex vertices. The maximal VAP algorithm is embedded in a heuristic for solving the well-known guardhouse problem which is polynomial with time complexity of . Our main contributions are: (i) A back diagonal reflex (BDR) algorithm which is a noncontinuous gradient VAP algorithm over a BDP domain, (ii) incorporation of this gradient algorithm into a probabilistic heuristic algorithm for finding a point in  which finds an approximate solution to the Max VAP problem, and (iii) an efficient heuristic algorithm for the guardhouse problem based on the gradient VAP algorithm.

Statement of Problem: Movement of impression copings inside the impression materials prevents transfer of the 3-dimensional spatial orientation of intra-oral position of implant fixtures to the working cast. .So for the long term success of implant an accurate and passive operation is required.

Purpose: This in vitro study evaluated the accuracy of the master cast using different splinting and impression materials.

Methodology: A reference mandibular model with 4 internal connection implants was fabricated. Thirty six custom trays were fabricated using autoplymerizing resin. Polyether and poly vinyl siloxane impression material were used. These trays were randomly divided between the two groups, with eighteen trays in each group. Impression techniques were divided into two groups namely: Group I: Direct impression technique with open tray impression copings splinted with auto polymerizing acrylic resin (GC pattern resin). Group II: Direct impression technique with open tray impression copings splinted with Pro-temp TM 4 (bis-GMA) syringable temporization material. Thus, final impressions were made. Master casts were fabricated and evaluated using profile projector. These measurements were compared to the measurements calculated on the reference mandibular model which served as control. Data were analyzed with a one way analysis of variance at a =.00, followed by post hoc Tukey’s test (a=.00).

Results: Statistical comparisons were made using ANOVA test and post-hoc test. Same amount of deviation values obtained with resin splinted and bis-GMA splinted impression copings. There was a significant difference in- while using Polyether and poly vinyl siloxane as impression material.

Conclusion: The master cast obtained by both the splinting material exhibited no difference from the reference model. In the direct technique, polyether showed better results in terms of accuracy. Splinting provided more accuracy of transfer in multiple abutments using both the impression materials included in the study. Both splinting materials showed comparable amount of deviation from the reference model, any one of the material based on the ease of handling, time consumption, technique sensitivity and availability can be chosen.

This paper presents a proposal of the theoretical and contextual foundation of a human techno structural model (HTSM) of managerial competencies of dry cargo auto transportation (DPCAT) in Mexico. Firstly, the conceptualization of state of the art is shown through the analysis of the theoretical framework concerning management skills models and, as a second element, an analysis of the contextual framework of applied management skills certification models was shown currently in the DPCAT sector to integrate them into the decision making the process of managers in the metropolitan area of the state of Hidalgo, in 2016. This also shows the results obtained from the application of a questionnaire that relates the managerial competencies with the expected performances and the results of this, which was the base the techno structural approach and its relation to the individual needs of the manager, giving rise to a standardization proposal based on Leadership, Diagnostics of competencies, Installation of competencies, Development of competencies and Enhancement of competencies. This development establishes that personal changes (directive) and interference in group changes are accompanied by a cognitive and experiential process that ensures the self-sustaining of HTSM in the organization.