The Neutron, Gauge Bosons and Dark Matter in the Standard Model of Particle Physics

Abstract

The existence of the neutron, which was originally proposed to justify the stability of the nucleus, is very similar to the postulation of dark matter providing stability to galaxies and clusters of galaxies. However, the existence of the neutron has been verified as an important part of the nucleus, which is linked within its integral structure in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The Standard Model that began with the electron and the proton, currently with more than a hundred particles, presents cracks in some parts that lead to reconsider the veracity of the theories and models. Here it is established that all theories are to some extent false and, therefore, any model will also be false, which is always a specific part of the theory. In addition, as with several other entities, even the existence of gauge bosons is questioned and in particular, with respect to dark matter, through a mathematical calculation, it becomes clear why it has not been possible to incorporate it into the Standard Model. Likewise, it is irrefutably demonstrated that the introduction of the dark matter postulate is superfluous, and that the high speeds of stellar rotation that have been determined experimentally are analytically explained with the stellar dynamics described in this work.