Determination of Clinical Profile and Causality of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India

Abstract

Background: Cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) is any undesirable change in the structure or function of the skin and its appendages related to drug eruption regardless of the aetiology is called the. CADRs manifest with diverse morphological pattern ranging from trivial urticaria to severe forms such as SJS, TEN vasculitis which can be fatal. They are called as non severe CADRs and CADRs respectively.

Identifying the responsible drug in this new era of enhanced multi-drug research is a difficult undertaking, but it can help prevent more issues and provide safer medications.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the clinical profile and aetiology of CADR in patients in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad.

Methods: A 6-month observational hospital-based study was conducted among patients attending the dermatological OPD of a medical college and hospital in Hyderabad.Patients with probable drug-related cutaneous lesions were included in the study, and the substance responsible for the lesions was determined. Recent drug history was recorded in a format prescribed by the Indian National Pharmacovigilance Programme, and causality was determined using WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria.

Results: Males (52.4%) and females (52.4%) made up the study population (47.6 percent ).The majority of them were between the ages of 51 and 60.Urticaria (19.05 percent), erythema multiforme (17.46 percent), and morbilliform rash were the most prevalent CADR patterns observed (17.46 percent ).Antibiotics (39 percent), NSIADs (26 percent), and ATT were the most commonly used medications for these responses (18 percent ).

Conclusions: CADRs, both severe and non-severe, cause significant morbidity in industrial employees, and the importance of pharmacovigilance should be emphasised even more to prevent such reactions.

The necessity of the hour is to identify such reactions quickly using skin tests and dermatoscopy..