Respiratory Muscle Training: A Review

Abstract

Background: Respiratory Muscle Training (RMT) is a method that targets the enhancement of respiratory muscle function through tailored exercises. This training can involve Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT), Expiratory Muscle Training (EMT), or a combination of both techniques to achieve optimal results. Indications: Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema, COPD, Sports training, stroke/CVA, spinal cord injury, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ankylosing spondylosis and many others. respiratory muscle strength training protocols include two types resistance training and endurance training.

Protocols/Methodology: There are two devices available for this purpose: A nonlinear device and A threshold IMT device. With the threshold device, a reliable inspiratory pressure load is provided regardless of airflow rate.  The load is adjusted by the the rapist or patient according to a desired percentage of the patient's maximal inspiratory pressure (PI max). Usually, the patient begins training at a low load, equal to about one third of the pimax and progresses slowly in small increments adjusting a screw to alter the tension until the training load reaches 60% of the current Pimax. To determine the appropriate starting load for Inspiratory Muscle Strength (IMS) or Expiratory Muscle Strength (EMS) training, a pressure-measuring device, such as a digital manometer, peak flow meter, or pressure threshold device, is required.

Clinical Significance: Respiratory Muscle Strength Training (RMST) has the potential to reduce shortness of breath, boost exercise tolerance, and improve the overall quality of life in individuals with respiratory conditions.