Analysis of Prototypes of Alternative Masks to the KN95 Mouth and Nose Cover

Abstract

After the outbreak of the SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and its rapid evolution of the virus, various health services in the city collapsed and resources were not sufficient to meet the demand due to the growing number of infections that occurred, the lack of face masks, gloves, disinfection liquid, and facial protection masks. Various types of materials and components have been synthesized to assemble respirator-type masks as alternatives to the KN-95 face mask, aiming for stability and durability. The fabrication of the prototype components was done using additive manufacturing (3D printing), with variations in injection thickness, height, printing time, clamping method, and infill density. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to perform morphological analysis, both superficially and cross-sectionally. The degree of filtration of the filters and the mask was determined by a physical test that simulated a human sneeze. The biological characterization was carried out in situ using culture media and observing the growth of pathogenic organisms. The results show the effectiveness of a mask like KN-95 in both biological and physical aspects, as well as greater durability and respect for the environment. KN-95 facemask and the proposed mask are effective due to the number of layers they have, their thickness (greater than 2400 micrometers), and the porosity formed (10 to 15 micrometers) by fibers.  Further research needs to continue for better materials and designs to obtain more efficient and cheaper prototypes and, in this way, jointly contribute a key product to Oaxacan and Mexican society in this contingency due to COVID-19.