Determination of Structural Changes in Water and in Aqueous Solutions under External Influences

Abstract

The presents a new approach to the creation of cement compositions based on technologies that meet the requirements of technological accessibility and efficiency, environmental safety, sustainability, biocompatibility, economic, energy efficiency and resource conservation. This new approach is based on the assessment of changes in the structure of water or aqueous solutions of electrolytes under various influences by determining their electrical parameters in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 3000 kHz using various measuring cells. Three types of measuring cells were used. In the first case, a different height of the liquid layer between the capacitor plates was created in the measuring cell; in the second case, a rectangular measuring cell was used with a distance between the capacitor plates of 7 cm, and in the third case, the measuring cell was a test tube with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 200 mm, in which the capacitor plates are located relative to each other in parallel planes and do not have surfaces located opposite each other. Based on the results obtained, it was found that primary mechanism of action of a magnetic field, temperature, chemical additives, ultraviolet irradiation or a combination of these factors on water and water-containing systems is a change in the structure of water. The developed criteria for assessing the structure of water and water-containing systems were used to create new methods for increasing the strength of cement compositions. It was found that the addition of various substances and/or  field effects on cement systems lead to a significant increase in the strength of the hardened cement paste and concretes. This made it possible to increase the compressive strength of the cement-sand mortar by 30-45%.