Innovative Solutions: A Systematic Approach Towards Sustainable Future, Edition 1
This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in computational chemo physics, focusing on the transition from theoretical frameworks to real-world applications. The continued research and innovation in thin film ferrites promise to drive further advancements in magnetic sensors and devices, enabling new possibilities in electronics, telecommunications, healthcare, and beyond. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians.
Advances in Computational Chemophysics: From Theory to Application
Computational chemophysics has emerged as a powerful interdisciplinary field bridging the realms of chemistry and physics. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in computational chemophysics, focusing on the transition from theoretical frameworks to real-world applications. We explore the foundational principles underlying computational chemophysics methods and highlight their applications in diverse areas of scientific inquiry. From elucidating molecular structures and dynamics to predicting chemical reactivity and designing novel materials, computational chemophysics has revolutionized our understanding of molecular systems. Through a survey of state-of-the-art techniques and case studies, this review aims to showcase the transformative impact of computational chemophysics across various domains of research and innovation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the publisher (BP International).
Applications of Thin Film Ferrites in Magnetic Sensors and Devices
Thin film ferrites have emerged as key components in the development of magnetic sensors and devices, owing to their unique magnetic properties and versatility in various technological applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis methods, structural characteristics, magnetic properties, and diverse applications of thin film ferrites in magnetic sensors and devices. The synthesis of thin film ferrites involves a variety of deposition techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sputtering, sol-gel processing, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), each offering distinct advantages in terms of control over film composition, thickness, and crystalline structure. Structural characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provide insights into the morphology, grain size, and crystalline phases of thin film ferrites. The continued research and innovation in thin film ferrites promise to drive further advancements in magnetic sensors and devices, enabling new possibilities in electronics, telecommunications, healthcare, and beyond.
Guest-Employee Hiring and Management: A System for Improved Efficiency and Scalability in Today's Business Landscape
Business agility is impeded by ineffective management of guest employees. Conventional approaches are sluggish to recruit and cannot be scaled. In order to overcome these issues, the Guest Employee Hiring and Management System (GEHMS), a web-based platform, is proposed in this study. The system creates user interfaces that are easy to use for businesses and temporary employees by utilizing front-end technologies including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The system uses DBSQLite3 and the Python Django framework at the backend to efficiently manage and store data. The system promises improved speed, flexibility, and scalability by utilizing these technologies. It optimizes the guest employee lifecycle management process by including tools for hiring, allocating, supervising, and off boarding. For companies looking for temporary workforce solutions, the suggested system provides an easy-to-use platform. While resolving the inadequacies noted in the literature already in existence, more study is advised to improve its functionality and add cutting-edge features. Future generations of the system should also investigate potential mobile accessibility and integration opportunities. By streamlining every step of the guest employee lifecycle, GEHMS provides businesses with an easy-to-use solution for effectively hiring, onboarding, managing, and off boarding temporary workers. GEHMS gives organizations the ability to increase operational efficiency, lessen administrative responsibilities, and gain a competitive edge in today's fast-paced market by utilizing automation and a consolidated platform.
Microbial Study of Borassus flabellifer L. in the Conservation and Preservation of Palm Leaves-Tala Patra Manuscripts
Aim: The aim of the study is to access the microbial activity of Tala patra leaves-Palm Leaves Manuscripts-PLM-B. flabellifer for the preservation and conservation of Tala patra manuscripts. Study Design: The study is designed in such a way that the leaves sample were used for the different microbial study in the science laboratory. The observation was recorded and the result is predicted with the help of the standards. Place and Duration of the Study: The leaves sample of Tala patra was collected in the Department of Manuscriptology, Karnataka Samskrit University, Chamarajpet, Bangalore. The work has started in February 2024. Methodology: In this work we have chosen microbial isolation was done from the leaves sample collected, by using suitable growth media under controlled condition to facilitate their growth and study. Results: This study possesses the antimicrobial activity which will inhibit the growth of various microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and even viruses. The study supports us to know the leaf-microbe interactions, as few microbes have symbiotic association with the plant and few could be pathogenic to plant. Conclusion: According to ‘Constitution of India - 1950’ In Part IV-A under fundamental Duties in article 51A “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-point no. (f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.” (Govt. of India,2015.). Therefore, its everyone duty is to preserve the heritage of India by preserving the PLM. In this context, microbial studies of B. flabellifer manuscripts leaves offer valuable insights into the potential on the manuscripts and provide a basis for the preservation and conservation of original PLM.
Synthesis, Characterizations and Photodegradation of Zn-doped Bismuth oxide Nanoparticles using Precipitation Method
Aims: The aim of the study is to synthesize Zinc doped Bismuth oxide nanoparticles by simple precipitation method, their characteristics and to investigate the photocatalytic activity of these nanoparticles for Brilliant Green (BG) dye. Study Design: Synthesis of Bi2O3 nanoparticles by precipitation method and photocatalysis of Brilliant green by using Bi2O3 nanoparticles. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, between January 2024 to May 2024. Methodology: The Zn/Bi2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by simple precipitation technique using Bismuth nitrate as precursor. The synthesized Zn/Bi2O3 nanoparticles were studied for structural, optical, and morphological properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Dye degradation studies by UV source. Results: XRD patterns were well matched with the JCPDS card number 00-27-0050 with tetragonal structure with the crystallite size of 26.18 nm. The SEM analysis revealed the oxide particles to have spherical morphology. The band gap of Bi2O3 nanoparticles was calculated using Tauc’s plot and found to be 2.94 eV. Conclusion: Zinc doped Bismuth oxide is a very good catalyst and can be used for photodegradation of a dye and helpful in commercial production of removal of such pollutants.
Complemented Semiring Satisfying the Identity u + 1 = 1 + u = u
This paper contains some results on complemented semirings involving one variable. We consider complemented semiring (S1, +, .) satisfying the identity u + 1=1 + u = u for all u, v in S1 then it is proved that (S1, +) is quasi, weakly, separative and also (S1, +, .) is an idempotent. For this complemented semiring we also determine the additive and multiplicative structures. Complemented semiring is holds and equivalent many results by using the identity u + 1 = 1 + u = u for all u, v in S1.
In silico and In vitro Analysis of Antimicrobial Properties of Crude Compounds Extracted from Selenicereus undatus Peel
Aims: The aim of the study is to extract antimicrobial compounds from dragon fruit peel and analyze its activity using in vitro and in silico techniques to produce a potential therapeutic agent for diseases like food poisoning. Study Design: In vitro studies followed by the analysis using in vitro techniques like docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, (S8-group 15) Final year biotechnology students of Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Kodakara, Thrissur, Kerala, India, between March 2023 and May 2024. Methodology: Extraction of bioactive compounds was performed. Antimicrobial activities were analyzed using well diffusion techniques and the result was mainly observed for Bacillus cereus. The proteins and active sites of bacteria were used for docking against the ligands or compounds present in the extracted solution of dragon fruit peel, and the results were analyzed. Also, molecular dynamic simulation and toxicity prediction were performed and using the results obtained a new product with medicinal value is proposed completely made or manufactured from a waste product making this a sustainable idea. Results: In vitro, the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was analysed by using the agar well diffusion method. Bacillus cereus shows more inhibition towards the extract. Target active sites and ligands are listed for molecular docking and the complex with highest binding energy is screened using SwissADME and from the results obtained molecular dynamic simulation is performed. Conclusion: This work shows the antimicrobial activity of the compounds present in dragon fruit peels against Bacillus cereus, a foodborne pathogen. After molecular docking, SwissADME and molecular dynamic simulation, the interactions, affinity, and stability of the ligand target complexes are known, which leads to the development of innovative healthcare solutions.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation
Aims: To synthesize chromium oxide nanoparticles by simple precipitation method, their characteristics and investigate the photocatalytic activity of these nanoparticle for the photodegradation of Brilliant Green (BG) dye. Study Design: Synthesis of Cr2O3 nanoparticles by precipitation method and photocatalysis of Brilliant green by using Cr2O3 nanoparticles. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, between January 2024 to May 2024. Methodology: The Cr2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by simple precipitation technique using chromium nitrate as precursor. The synthesized Cr2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Results: XRD patterns were well matched with the JCPDS card number 00-038-1479 with rhombohedral structure with the crystallite size of 15.98 nm. The SEM analysis revealed the oxide particles to have quasi spherical morphology. The band gap of Cr2O3 nanoparticles was calculated using Tauc’s plot and found to be 2.9 eV. From the BET the maximum specific surface area was found to be 16.609 m²/g associated with a pore volume of 0.066 cc/g. Conclusion: Chromium oxide is a very good catalyst and can be used for photodegradation of a dye and helpful in commercial production of removal of such pollutants.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Ruta chalepensis, Lantana camara and Ocimum basilicum Extracts in Controlling Infestations of Sitophilus oryzae, Acanthoscelides obtectus and Tribolium castaneum Infestations in Stored Grains
Chemical pesticides used against stored grain pests have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Insects such as Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil), Acanthoscelides obtectus (bean weevil), and Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) cause significant damage to stored grains and their value-added products and are considered among the most destructive pests in India. Plants offer a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides, as they are rich sources of bioactive molecules. This study aims to evaluate the insect-repellent and insecticidal properties of essential oils from Ruta chalepensis (fringed rue), Lantana camara (lantana), and Ocimum basilicum (basil). The ultimate goal is to develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly biological control strategy against these pests.
Strength Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete Made with Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Residue: A Sustainable Alternative to Traditional Concrete
Rapid urbanization and infrastructure development, leads to the depletion of natural resources. In addition, the industrial expansions to meet the demand of materials leading to the generation of waste by products in multiple means. Both the activities contributing to the global warming and leaving carbon footprints on the environment. To address these issues, the current study intends to employ these wastes by products i.e. Fly ash (FA) and Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) in the production of geopolymer concrete as an alternative to traditional concrete. Cement is replaced with FA of 15% and CCR of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and RCA of 25%. Employing these proportions, the prepared geopolymer concrete is investigated for workability and strength characteristics. These properties of GPC were by determined by subjecting the concrete to slump cone and compressive strength test. From the test results, it is observed that the workability declined with increment in CCR content. The strength characteristics of the specimen increased to 136 Mpa from 75 Mpa. The GPC prepared in the current can be a cost effective and declines the environmental issues.
Pulse Electrodeposited AgGaSe\(_2\) Thin Films: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Applications in Optoelectronic Devices
In this work, we have used pulse electro deposition technique for the synthesis of AgGaSe2 thin films. At room temperature, AgGaSe2 thin films were deposited using a bath containing Analar grade 10 mm silver nitrate, 10 mm gallium nitrate and 10 mm SeO2 onto Tin oxide coated glass substrates (5.0 ohms/sq). The potential for the deposition was maintained at -0.68 V (SCE). The varied Duty cycle was kept in the range of 6–50 %. Determination of the optical constants such as absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical conductivity and dielectric constant in the wavelength range from 500nm to 1400nm has been evaluated. Further, in terms of single oscillator model of free carrier absorption normal dispersion of the refractive index has been analyzed to estimate the dispersion and oscillation energy. The lattice dielectric constant, the ratio of free carrier concentration to free carrier effective mass and relaxation time have been determined.
Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Composition of Ocimum tenuiflorum Leaf Extracts: An Analytical Apporach
Aim: To explore the antimicrobial potential sand phytochemical composition of Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger. Study Design: The dried Ocimum tenuiflorum leaves were extracted using decoction and digestion methods. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts was conducted. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was analyzed using the agar diffusion method, followed by determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The poisoned food technique was employed to assess the fungicidal activity of the extracts against Aspergillus niger. All experiments were conducted in triplicate, and the average values were depicted graphically. Place and Duration of Study: Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Kodakara, and Centre for Research on Molecular and Applied Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, from May to August 2023. Methodology: Dried Ocimum tenuiflorum leaves were extracted by decoction and digestion methods. Preliminary qualitative analysis was performed to identify various phytochemicals. The extracts were evaluated for their MIC and MBC/MFC against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that both types of extracts contained alkaloids and steroids. Flavonoids and terpenoids were exclusive to the decoction extract, while saponins were found only in the digestion extract. Both extracts exhibited increased zones of inhibition (ZOI) against Aspergillus niger, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The MIC for the decoction extract was 250 µg/mL against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while the MIC for the digestion extract was 500 µg/mL. The decoction extract demonstrated an inhibition rate of 52.692% at a concentration of 125 µg/mL against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the pharmacological properties of Ocimum tenuiflorum, paving the way for further research on its potential therapeutic applications and role as a natural preservative. The presence of diverse phytochemicals, coupled with observed antimicrobial effects, suggests its potential for multifaceted therapeutic benefits.
This report is focused on Internet of Things or IoT's impact on healthcare, emphasizing the need for adaptation as IoT solutions expand. This paper aims to achieve global connectivity between IoT and medical environments, addressing challenges for professionals and transforming healthcare through efficient integration. Some applications of IoT in healthcare include remote patient monitoring, self-maintenance medical devices, and telemedicine with virtual visits, all of which enhance patient care and increase the access of healthcare services. 5G networks are going to play a major role in order to enable widespread adoption of IoT and improve the patient monitoring system in healthcare. The extensive study came up with a proposal for healthcare industry with future readiness with the use of IoT.
Utilizing a Small Solar Water Heater for Sustainable Tea and Coffee Preparation
Tea and coffee are the most common drinks both in urban as well as rural areas. Mostly LPG, wood or kerosene are used for preparation of tea in rural and urban areas. Use of fossil fuels is polluting, and adds to the cost. It is felt that small size solar thermal water heaters can help in partial saving of the conventional fuels. Therefore, in the present work the design and study of a low-cost small size solar water heater used as tea/coffee making system is described. The work suggests the installation of low-cost water heating system with the tea stall to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and generate energy savings. The works presents the design, experimental work and the economic analysis of the system with reporting of the payback periods. The experimental study of a solar tea/coffee maker with evacuated tubes is presented here. The system can be used for a number of short services (20 cups) and with total of 200-300 cups/day. The advantage of this system is that it is very low cost and has minimum components. The experimental thermal performance of the system is also found to be quite good. Maximum temperature observed with these tubes was around 107oC in winter. Several experiments were performed with solar system to prepare tea including black tea, green tea and tea with milk. The taste of the tea samples prepared was found to be good. In this paper the energy savings for different type of fuels are calculated and the payback periods are reported. The payback periods are found to be in the range 1.7 to 3.8 years with respect to different fuels. This study shows that small size solar water heater based on evacuated tubes can help in substantial energy savings for tea/coffee making stalls.
IoT-Enabled Intelligent Surveillance Robot for Multi-Application Security and Monitoring
Aims: The aim of this project is to design and develop an IoT-based Smart Multi- Application Surveillance Robot to reduce casualties on the battlefield by enhancing security and monitoring capabilities. The robot is intended to capture intruder information, neutralize threats, and perform multiple applications such as bomb detection in public places. Study Design: Controlling the robot in manual mode using IoT technology via Android/PC. Implementing a wireless vision camera for live video streaming. Integrating PIR (Passive Infrared) and metal detection sensors. Utilizing location tracking technology. Methodology: IoT Control: The robot's movement is controlled remotely using an Android phone or PC, overcoming short-range communication issues. Surveillance and Detection: The robot uses a wireless vision camera for live video streaming, and PIR and metal detectors for identifying intruders and potential threats. Threat Neutralization: Upon detecting an intruder or metallic object, the robot halts and activates its laser gun to neutralize the threat. Location Tracking: The robot tracks and reports the location of detected threats using location tracking technology. Results: The robot successfully captured and transmitted real-time video of its surroundings, detected intruders and metallic objects, and neutralized threats using the laser gun. Additionally, it accurately tracked and reported the location of detected objects, demonstrating its effectiveness in various surveillance applications. Conclusion: The IoT-based Smart Multi-Application Surveillance Robot significantly enhances battlefield safety and reduces the risk to soldiers by capturing critical information and neutralizing threats before engagement. Its ability to perform multiple functions, including bomb detection and location tracking, underscores its versatility and potential impact on modern security and surveillance practices.
Advances in AI and Machine Learning for Skin Disease Prediction
The field of dermatological diagnosis has made significant strides recently with the application of AI and machine learning approaches. The aim of the study is to investigate the potential of AI and machine learning technologies in diagnosing and predicting skin diseases. Research has utilized techniques including convolutional neural networks, deep learning, and ensemble data mining to identify a variety of skin disorders with high accuracy rates, frequently between 88 and 100 Percentage. Even with these advancements, there are still issues to be resolved, such as the scarcity of datasets and uncertainties regarding practicality. Still, there is great potential for revolutionizing dermatological diagnoses with new methods that combine deep learning and computer vision. In order to really use these technologies in clinical settings, more testing and improvement are required.
Feature Extraction and Use of Artificial Neural Networks for Classification of PPG Signals
Recent studies associated to IoTs and health sector show that equine heart rates can be obtained from the ventral midline using a non-invasive technique called photoplethysmography (PPG). It is measured with infrared light-emitting diodes and photodetectors and is associated with the pulsatile volume of blood in tissue. PPG is becoming increasingly commonly utilised as a result of developments in optical technology. The physical properties of blood vessel walls and artery pulsatile function are impacted by ageing and cardiovascular events. Techniques assess the mechanical characteristics of arteries, but their broad clinical use and utility as risk stratification tools are limited by their theoretical, technical, and practical shortcomings. This study tries to evaluate the possibility of classification of PPG signals using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) into different clinical classes or states and the best possible combination of features that can be used for such classification. During the study PPG signals from 35 subjects or individual, each with 50–60 signals and 300 samples (6 seconds of recording) at a 50 sample/second sampling rate, make up the dataset for analysis. During the study we observed the use of different signal features like mean, root mean, mean peak height, mean time duration between peak etc. helped to classify the PPG signals into different clinical states. The results of the classification using ANNs demonstrated that ANNs were useful in differentiating between five states. Every ANN model evaluated during the training phase demonstrated significant validation accuracy (> 98 %), and also every ANN model tested during the testing phase demonstrated significant testing accuracy (> 97 %). The results of the study indicate that the use of the given features included in the study along with the ANNs models can have a huge potential in effective classification and detection of possible clinical states of heart functions or cardiovascular functions, which finally can help in early detection and medication of possible anomaly in ideal functions.
Design of Low Power Configurable Multiclock Digital System from RTL to GDSII
The main duty of the system is to accept orders via a UART receiver, which facilitates various system operations including reading and writing register files and performing ALU-based processing. A 4-byte frame structure is used to convey the results and CRC bits via the UART transmitter communication protocol. A register file and ALU block integration for flexible data manipulation, UART connection for varied command receipt and result transmission, and a multi-clock architecture for efficient operation across several domains are some of the system's important characteristics. The system also prioritizes low- power design concepts to maximize energy efficiency. System definition, architectural design, RTL coding, and adherence to low-power design guidelines are all included in the implementation sequence. The resultant digital system is ready to provide a flexible and economical option for uses that call for.
Analysis of Hydro-Livability Index Using GIS in Bijapur
Livability is the degree to which a particular place is good for human habitation. Livability is an objective assessment that takes into account factors such as access to amenities, safety, transportation, and environmental quality. GIS has become one of the important tools in this present generation to understand and visualize spatial data as stated by Yu, D., & Zhang, Y. (2019) in ‘The livable urban landscape: GIS and remote sensing extracted land use assessment for urban livability in Changchun Proper, China’. Groundwater is an essential component of the environment and economy of the nation. Knowing the proper levels of groundwater helps people in determining the most suitable place for human habitat or industrial developments. Thematic map is a specialized map made to visualize a particular theme or parameter about a geographic area. The collected and analyzed data are then Inserted to the GIS software to generate the thematic maps of each parameter as said by Salve, S. (2020). ‘Livability analysis of people's living comfort in different cities of India using GIS: A prototype’. Collection of data is done by the open source which is available on various websites and being inputted to the Arc GIS. Hydrology watershed is found out by these steps spatial analyst Tools Hydrology flow direction Flow accumulation basin conversion raster to polygon stream order flow directions these are the steps involved in calculation of watershed then for the groundwater potential zone as said by Badamasi, H. (2022). ‘A review of GIS-based hydrological models for sustainable groundwater management’. Dem data and shape files are taken and then projection is done to the shape files after it is done digitalization geo database. After all the thematic maps are overlaid, analysis will be done considering the whole study area, weightages are assigned to the place according to the values of the data obtained. After the analysis of the overlaid layers is done, the complete study area classified into high, medium, average and low live able area according to their weightages assigned.
IOT-Based Smart System for Chemical Plants
The main aim of this paper is to design a compact and efficient filling system using Arduino technology, specifically tailored for the challenging environment of chemical industries. This system incorporates essential components including a belt conveyor for bottle transportation, a DC pump connected to a tank for precise liquid flow regulation, and an infrared sensor for accurate bottle positioning detection. By ensuring the pump activates precisely when needed, the system facilitates filling bottles with liquid chemicals. With all components operating optimally, this cost-effective filling machine is well-suited for small-scale applications in coffee shops, juice bars, and similar beverage industries, providing a practical solution to their bottle-filling requirements.
The Analysis of the Risk Management in Child Obesity Using Deep Learning Neural Network
The research proposal is to manage and monitor the obesity in children by the huge database. The data base meticulously analyses the data and interpret it and derive complete details about the growth process in children by using the neural network model that identifies the obesity risk. The model then dutifully alerts parents when there is an observable increase in the child's weight, advising them proactively on what measures need to be taken to address and mitigate this weight gain. In addition to tracking the child's physical activity, the device provides parents with graphs and reports that show how the child has been performing. The study aims at developing a neural network weights model to recognize the risk of obesity by considering the parameters like Body mass index, physical fitness level, normal heart beat rate, jumping points. The model will be trained and tested on a dataset of medical data. The performance of the model will be assessed in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. The model will then be used to classify people into risk categories. The model will be trained using supervised learning techniques, with the relevant parameters as input and the obesity risk as the output. The model will then be tested on the dataset to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and recall. Finally, the model will be used to classify people into risk categories.
Gamified E-learning in Programming Education: A Review of Research on Engagement and Learning
Conventional learning methods often fall short in effectively engaging learners, hindering the development of critical programming skills in a world demanding a skilled workforce. The integration of gamification in programming education has garnered significant attention as a potential solution to enhance engagement, motivation, and academic performance among students. It transforms the learning environment by offering interactive experiences and by focusing on particular programming skills required. This review paper synthesizes findings from recent research studies on gamified coding e-learning platforms, analyzing various gamification strategies and their impacts on learning outcomes. Gamification elements like points, badges, and leader boards foster a competitive and engaging learning environment, empowering learners to master coding skills with enthusiasm. The analysis reveals that gamification can significantly improve students’ motivation and engagement, although its effectiveness varies depending on the specific context and design of the gamified elements. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for future research and the development of more effective gamified learning environments in programming education.
Aim: The aim of an intelligent infant cradle could be to provide a safer, more comfortable, and convenient environment for infants while also integrating intelligent features that can monitor the baby's health, modify the surroundings, and provide caregiver feedback. Study Design: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and user satisfaction of an intelligent infant cradle compared to traditional cradles. Infants aged 0-6 months and their caregivers will be randomly assigned to either the experimental (intelligent cradle) or the control group (traditional cradle). Outcome measures include infant sleep quality, incidence of sleep-related issues, caregiver satisfaction, safety, parental stress levels, and infant developmental outcomes. Data will be collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and objective measurements. Statistical analysis will compare outcomes between groups. Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent and approval from institutional review boards. Limitations may include sample bias and reliance on self-reported data. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering, Pes Institute Of Technology And Management (PESITM) Shimoga, From Sept 2023. Methodology: The proposed iot-based smart cradle utilizes a raspberry pi model 3 b+ board, camera module, sound sensor, lm35 temperature sensor, and wet sensor. A DC motor swings the cradle upon detecting the baby's cry through the sound sensor. A melody tune plays simultaneously to soothe the baby. Caregivers can remotely control the swing via IoT server buttons. The LM35 temperature sensor activates a fan when humidity exceeds a set level. A wet sensor alerts caregivers to change the baby's diaper. Additionally, a camera provides real-time monitoring of the baby's sleep. Results: This project proposes an innovative automatic caretaker room for infants, designed to address the time and energy constraints faced by busy parents. The primary goal is to cater to the needs of working individuals who struggle to find sufficient time for proper baby care. The entire room is equipped with sensors and a microprocessor, allowing it to autonomously sense and respond to the baby's activities. This approach eliminates the need for constant manual checks by parents, enabling them to save valuable time and energy. The system, driven by sensors, connected to the microprocessor, continuously monitors both room conditions and the baby's activities. It operates based on predefined conditions, ensuring parents receive real-time information about their baby without physical presence. The collected data is readily accessible, providing a comprehensive overview of the baby's status, and notifications are sent as needed. In summary, this automated caretaker room offers a practical and efficient solution for busy parents, allowing them to stay informed and connected with their baby's well-being while optimizing their resources. Conclusion: The advanced features of the baby monitoring system offer a comprehensive solution for working parents, addressing various aspects of infant care and safety. From real-time video monitoring to proactive alerts for emergencies and environmental conditions, this system not only provides peace of mind to parents but also creates a secure and comforting environment for the baby. By seamlessly integrating technology into childcare, the system enables working parents to balance their professional commitments while staying connected and responsive to their baby's needs, ultimately fostering a sense of freedom and reduced stress in their daily lives.
Transforming Municipal Solid Waste into Sustainable Thermal Energy: Innovations and Impacts
The ever-increasing generation of solid waste has become a significant environmental challenge, posing threats to human health, ecosystems, and the planet as a whole. This paper provides an extensive examination of energy recovery methods for municipal solid waste (MSW), with a deliberate exclusion of special waste due to its highly variable nature. The focus on MSW stems from its significant international relevance and potential for energy extraction. The initial section delves into the global interest surrounding energy recovery from MSW, with specific attention directed towards the European Union. This region serves as a focal point due to its progressive policies and initiatives in waste management and sustainable energy practices. In the subsequent section, the paper investigates the dynamic nature of energy availability within MSW, considering both qualitative and quantitative shifts in waste composition over time. Understanding these fluctuations is crucial for developing effective energy recovery strategies. Selective collection methods are explored in the third section, emphasizing their impact on biogas utilization. The transition from traditional landfill-based approaches to more efficient reactor-based methods is highlighted, particularly in relation to the extraction of biogas from food waste. The fourth section delves into the evolving trends in residual MSW utilization, taking into account the influence of EU directives. These directives, notably Directive 1999/31/CE, encourage thermal treatments over landfilling, reflecting a broader shift towards sustainable waste management practices. Finally, the paper concludes with a detailed case study illustrating the potential of anaerobic digestion and thermal treatments to fulfill citizen energy demands. Overall, the results indicate that solid waste-to-thermal energy conversion has the potential to be a sustainable approach to waste management, contributing to both environmental protection and energy security. This real-world example provides valuable insights into the practical application of energy recovery technologies within the context of MSW management. In summary, this paper offers a comprehensive exploration of energy recovery solutions from MSW, highlighting key considerations, trends, and strategies essential for advancing sustainable waste management practices on a global scale.
Background: The traditional concrete utilized in the construction industry is greyish in color and quite dense. The concrete's tremendous density prevents light from passing through it. Hence, the concrete is an opaque material. In this regard, it has been determined that the brightness property of concrete can be achieved by altering the cement property. The brightness quality of the cement will be enhanced by the addition of photoluminescent chemical compounds. Aim: This study presents an investigation of the luminescent property of the concrete by modifying the property of the cement. Methods: The photoluminescent pigments used in the project is a sulphide powder which belongs to a rare alkaline processed material from lanthanide series. These elements are also proven to be inert and causes minimal harm to the environment. Results and Discussion: The studies also show that luminous concrete has significant compressive strength, just like traditional concrete. The emergence of photoluminescent concrete has the ability to create a spectacular change in the field of construction and architecture. It is not only meant for these instances it can also be used to improve the ambience thereby reducing the cost of electricity used for decorations. Conclusion: This study builds on two existing areas of research in order to investigate new concrete materials. These materials have extensional applications to concrete exterior building walls, pedestrian safety infrastructure, and any number of other design applications where light emission is desired. In the future, a material like this may have the ability to reduce artificial light inside buildings while simultaneously providing aesthetic design appeal to interior fixtures and building elements. As a result, the concept of photoluminescent concrete has the potential to bring about significant change in the building industry.
Validation of Novel Molecule as BRAF V600E Inhibitor for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Aim: To validate 3-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulphonamide (B1) as a potential BRAF V600E inhibitor via in vitro analyses. Study Design: Tests were carried out on HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines. Various studies such as clonogenic assay, apoptotic studies, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) studies and Indirect ELISA tests were carried out in both the control sample and B1-incorporated sample for determining the efficacy of B1. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Kodakara and Centre for Research on Molecular and Applied Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, between October 2023 and February 2024. Methodology: In this study, many in vitro analyses were carried out to verify the BRAF V600E inhibition ability of B1 to be used as a potential drug candidate against the treatment of CRC. HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines were grown. Following that, clonogenic assay was performed to measure the cell growth, apoptotic studies to figure out the cell vitality, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) studies to calculate the amount of ROSs present, and Indirect ELISA tests to quantify the total protein concentration were performed in both control sample and B1-incorporated sample. Results: The molecule B1 significantly reduced the colony formation, increased the cell mortality, and elevated ROSs levels. The concentration of ERK (the downstream protein of BRAF) was likewise significantly reduced in the B1 sample, implying that the substance B1 is an efficient inhibitor of BRAF. All the results pointed to the fact that B1 can be used as an effective BRAF V600E inhibitor. Conclusion: This work established the effectiveness of the molecule B1 as an effective inhibitor against BRAF for the treatment of CRC.
Integration of IoT, Blockchain, and Machine Learning in Recycling: A Survey of Waste Management Innovations
Over the past few years, the growing amount of garbage generated by households has become a major issue that is affecting society as a whole. The consequences of unmanaged garbage generation are extensive and include economic burdens, public health hazards, and environmental deterioration, from overflowing landfills to polluted waterways. In this endeavor, recycling becomes crucial since it provides a comprehensive answer to the intricate interplay of waste-related challenges. Recycling has the ability to lessen the negative consequences of household trash while also promoting environmental stewardship and community resilience since it diverts items from landfills and reimagines them as useful resources. This paper investigates and provides the reviews of the relationship between digital technology and recycling by analyzing various methods of recycling and social impact of current platforms. It also aims to provide a path for the future by spotting chances to use digital advances to promote sustainability and holistic wellness in the contemporary day. This investigation's insights highlight how important it is to combine digital technologies and recycling practices in order to effectively tackle the various issues that arise from home waste. Society may move towards a more sustainable future where waste is seen as a useful resource rather than a burden by utilizing the power of digital platforms.
Predicting Wheat Production in Karnataka: A Linear Regression Approach
Wheat is one of the High Yielding Varieties of agricultural crop. Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab are the three largest wheat producing states in India whereas Belagavi, Vijayapura and Dharwad are three major wheat growing district in Karnataka. The secondary data on area, Production, yield along with season and Variety was collected for the year 2021-22 from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore (https://des.karnataka.gov.in/). Here Linear Regression analysis has been made to know the impact of area on production of Wheat in different district of Karnataka. Trend analysis was performed by fitting linear model.
EV and VE Degree Dependent Topological Indices of Toroidal Polyhex Graph
A topological index is numerical parameter, which is used to charac- terize the different chemical-biological properties of chemical compounds related to graph isomorphism. In this article, we enumerated topological indices of Toroidal polyhex and its subdivision graphs depend on EV and VE degrees.
R.Croisot introduced various concepts of regularity on semi groups and developed R.Croisot theory. In this paper, we discussed some properties of regular \(\Gamma\) - semi groups and left regular \(\Gamma\) - semi groups. In this study, the presented theorems collectively highlight important structural properties of different types of \(\Gamma\)-semigroups under various conditions.
Ricci Solitons on LP-Sasakian Manifolds with Respect to Quarter Symmetric Non-metric Connection
The aim of the present study is to study Ricci solitons on LP-Sasakian manifolds with respect to quarter symmetric metric connection and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition of a Ricci solitons on LP-Sasakian manifolds with respect to quarter symmetric metric connection to be shrinking, expanding and steady.
Star-Rainbow Dynamic Coloring in Some Corona Product Graphs
Let G be a connected graph which is nontrivial, defined a coloring c: V(G)\( \to\) {1, 2, …., k}, k N of the vertices of G. A rainbow dynamic coloring of a graph is a dynamic coloring and minimum number of colors required, such that every pair of vertices is connected by at least one path whose within vertices have different colors. Further, G is said to be star-rainbow dynamic colored if every path on four vertices in it is rainbow dynamic colored. The minimum k for which there exist a k-vertex coloring called the star rainbow dynamic coloring of G, denoted by strrdyc(G). In this paper we determine some corona product graphs involving Petersen graph, path and complete graph, path and star graph and star and complete graph and find strrdyc(G) for such graphs.
Stability of Plane Poiseuille Channel Flow of a Classical Newtonian Fluid in the Presence of Uniform Transverse Magnetic Field: Modal and Non-modal Approach
The effect of a uniform transverse magnetic field on the stability of plane Poiseuille channel flow of a classical Newtonian fluid has been investigated. The Navier-Stokes equation has been linearized, reducing it to a generalized fourth-order Orr-Sommerfeld-type equation. The Chebyshev spectral collocation method has been employed to solve the obtained stability equations. Neutral stability curves (R,\(\alpha\)) and the transient energy growth curves G(t) were plotted. A comprehensive study of the short-term behavior through non-modal analysis and the long-term behavior through modal analysis revealed that a uniform transverse magnetic field acts as a stabilizing agent, delaying the onset of instability in the fluid system. The accuracy of the obtained results has been verified and found to be comparable with existing studies.
Suspicious Activity Detection System Using Machine Learning
Monitoring human activities is an important part of ensuring public safety. The aim is to detect suspicious behavior. To achieve this, we use LRCN, a long-term continuous regression algorithm, to identify negative functions. When analyzing suspicious behavior, it is important to consider the temporal data of these videos, using a blend of CNN and RNN to explore the frames and extract relevant features. The main activities in the project include research, collecting and processing preliminary data, creating and training models, and evaluating their performance. The detection result can be accurate and detect suspicious behavior immediately. We use the KTH dataset containing 600 walking and running frames and the Kaggle dataset containing 100 training images to build the model. Our test models show that the system and video can detect suspicious situations with 86% accuracy, and we expect this accuracy to increase as the data grows.
Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Food Spoilage Causing Microorganisms
Aim: To prove the antibacterial sensitivity of phytogenic silver nanoparticles against food spoilage causing organisms such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Study Design: Extract based on raw banana peels harnessed from chips manufacturing units was utilized as the reducing agent for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, followed by evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy against common food spoilage organisms through agar diffusion analysis. The experiments were conducted in triplicate, and the average values were depicted graphically. Place and Duration of Study: Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Kodakara and Centre for Research on Molecular and Applied Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, between June to August 2023. Methodology: Raw banana peel extract was utilized as plant based reducing agent in bioinspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The bio-inspired silver nanoparticles formation was confirmed using surface plasmon resonance studies. The biosynthesized particles were isolated through centrifugation and subjected to characterization through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis to assess their physical structure and chemical composition. The antibacterial efficacy of these particles was assessed through agar diffusion assay, and the minimum concentration of nanoparticles solution to inhibit the microbial growth was determined against food spoilage organisms. Results: Spherical shaped silver nanoparticles with in the size range of 56-80 nm was synthesized using raw banana peel as reducing agent. These nanoparticles exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of 56.07 µg/mL and 79.32 µg/mL, as well as minimum bactericidal concentrations of 156.59 µg/mL and 188.96 µg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Conclusion: The silver nanoparticles synthesized with raw banana peel extract as the reducing agent demonstrated antibacterial sensitivity against food spoilage organisms.
Study on the Optical Properties of PVA /PEG Doped with Sodium Fluoride Salt Polymer Blend Electrolyte Films
Polymers when doped with metal salts give complexes which are useful for development of the advanced high-energy electrochemical devices such as high-energy density rechargeable batteries and energy storage devices. The materials used in this work were procured from Sigma Aldrich company having 99.99% purity and are used without any further purification throughout the research experiment. In the present work, solid polymer blend electrolyte films of PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) and PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) doped with different weight percent ratios of NaF (Sodium Fluoride) were prepared by the solution casting method. The effect of NaF concentration on the optical properties of (PVA/PVP-NaF) films has been investigated using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer in the wavelength range (200-800 nm). The optical constants like absorption spectra, transmission spectra, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant and optical band gaps are investigated. It was found that the optical energy band gap is decreased upon the increase in NaF salt concentration which is contrary to the variation of conductance. The experimental results show that the optical constants showed clear changes with increasing the doping concentrations. The optical constants such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, and real and imaginary dielectric constants are found to depend on the NaF concentration in the PVA/PEG blended polymer matrix. These physical aspects will contribute to producing a new material that might potentially be used as an alternative or substitute material for many other applications.
The metric dimension of a connected graph G is the smallest number of nodes (resolving set) required to identify all other nodes based on shortest path distances uniquely. The notion of resolving set is significant in robotic navigation and to construct various plan of action for the mastermind game.A resolving set of G is a set \(S\subset V (G)\) if some vertices of S resolve every pair of nodes u and v of G. A metric basis represents the lowest number of nodes in a resolving set. In this research article we characterize the metric dimension and distance matrix of sunflower graphs and flower snarks.
Uniqueness Functions Sharing Two Values Concerning Difference-Differential Polynomials
In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness of meromorphic functions regarding difference-differential polynomials that share two values using the concept of weighted sharing of sets. We derive some results that generalize, improve and extend the results of Wang and Gao [1], Yang and Hua [2], and Fang and Qiu [3]. Finally, we pose an open questions for future research.
Computation of Degree-Based Topological Indices for Carbon Nanocone Structures
Topological indices are the numerical values that correlate the molecular structure of chemical compounds to its different physical properties and synthetic reactivity. A major class of topological indices is degree based topological indices, have prominent role in Mathematical Chemistry especially in quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) and quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies. Carbon nanostructures have increased their scientific interest because of their unique physical properties. In this article, we compute some degree based topological indices like Arithmetic- Geometric index (AG), SK index, SK1 index, SK2 index, for Carbon nanocone[CNCk(n)] and nanotori[C4C6C8(p,q)] .
Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases from Retinal Images
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of CVDs are crucial for effective intervention and improved patient outcomes. Retinal imaging has emerged as a non- invasive and cost-effective technique for CVD prediction. This study aims to develop a deep learning model using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Mobile-Net architecture to predict CVDs from retinal images. The proposed model leverages the capabilities of CNNs to automatically learn relevant features from retinal images and Mobile-Net's lightweight design for efficient deployment. A large dataset of retinal images, including healthy individuals and CVD patients, is utilized for model training and evaluation. The retinal images are pre-processed, including resizing, normalization, and augmentation techniques, to enhance data quality and diversity. This model has the potential to support healthcare professionals in making informed decisions, enabling timely interventions and preventive healthcare strategies. Further validation and integration into clinical settings are warranted to fully assess its clinical utility and impact on patient care.
Smart Medication Dispensing System: A Mobile-Integrated Solution for Enhanced Medication Adherence
Aims: This paper presents the development and implementation of a Smart Medication System (SMS) integrated with a mobile application, controlled by an STM32 microcontroller. The aim of the Smart Medication System project is to automate the dispensing of medications, ensure timely reminders for users, and provide a secure and convenient payment method through an integrated mobile application and an STM32 microcontroller. The system seeks to enhance medication adherence, improve user convenience, and streamline the management of medication schedules and payments. Study Design: The study design involves the development and integration of hardware components such as an STM32 microcontroller, MG995 servo motor, keypad, LED display, and RFID card reader, with a mobile application for remote medication management and notifications. The system's functionality is evaluated through initial testing to ensure accuracy in dispensing, secure transactions, and seamless user interaction. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE), AIT (Acharya Institute of Technology), located in Bangalore, India. The duration of the study spanned twelve months, from October 2023 to June 2024. Methodology: The methodology for the Smart Medication System project encompasses both hardware and software development. Initially, the STM32microcontroller is programmed to control the MG995 servo motor for precise medication dispensing, process inputs from the keypad, and update the LED display with available medications. The RFID card reader is integrated for secure payment transactions. Concurrently, a mobile application is developed to allow users to select medications remotely, receive SMS notifications about their medication balance, and monitor their usage. The system is then assembled and tested in a controlled environment to ensure accurate dispensing, reliable payment processing, and effective user notifications. Results: The initial testing of the Smart Medication System demonstrated high accuracy in medication dispensing, with the MG995 servo motor reliably delivering the correct dosages. The integration of the STM32 microcontroller with the keypad and LED display provided an intuitive and responsive user interface. The RFID card reader facilitated secure and efficient payment transactions, while the mobile application enabled seamless remote medication selection and timely SMS notifications about medication balance and usage. Overall, the system showed robust performance, effectively combining hardware and software components to enhance user convenience and medication management. Conclusion: The Smart Medication System successfully automates medication dispensing, provides secure payment options, and enhances user convenience through mobile integration. Initial tests confirm its accuracy, reliability, and user- friendly interface. Future work will focus on system scalability and incorporating additional health monitoring features.
Mathematical Solution for Dispersion of Pollutants in Porous Media
The groundwater is also an important source in the agriculture and industrial sector. In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use and contamination. A good planning and management practices are needed to face this challenge. A key to the management of groundwater is the ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the subsurface environment. It is obvious that the contaminant source activities cannot be completely eliminated and perhaps our water bodies will continue to serve as receptors of vast quantities of waste. Water resource remediation has become a serious environmental concern, since it has a direct impact on many aspects of people’s lives. For decades, the pump-and-treat method has been considered the predominant treatment process for the remediation of contaminated groundwater with organic and inorganic contaminants. On the other side, this technique missed sustainability and the new concept of using renewable energy. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have been implemented as an alternative to conventional pump-and-treat systems for remediating polluted groundwater because of their effectiveness and ease of implementation. In this paper, a review of the importance of groundwater, contamination and biological, physical as well as chemical remediation techniques have been discussed. In this review, the principles of the permeable reactive barrier’s use as a remediation technique have been introduced along with commonly used reactive materials and the recent applications of the permeable reactive barrier in the remediation of different contaminants, such as heavy metals, chlorinated solvents and pesticides. The solution is obtained for the given mathematical model in a finite length initially solute free domain. The input condition is considered continuous of uniform and of increasing nature both. The solution has been obtained using Laplace transform, moving coordinates and Duhamel’s theorem is used to get the solution in terms of complementary error function.
On the Projectively Flat of an (\(\alpha\), \(\beta\))- Metric of Finsler Space
The (\(\alpha\), \(\beta\))-metric is a Finsler metric which is constructed from a Riemannian metric \(\alpha\) and a differential 1-form \(\beta\). We consider the projective flatness of Finsler spaces with some (\(\alpha\), \(\beta\))-metrics. The purpose of the present paper is to find the condition for a Finsler space with metric F=\(\alpha\)+\(\sqrt{\alpha^2+\beta^2}\) to be projectively flat.
On the Uniqueness of q - Shift Difference-Differential Polynomials of L - Functions
In this paper using the notion of weighted sharing, we mainly study the value distribution of L - function and an arbitrary meromorphic function with the uniqueness of certain type of linear q - difference polynomial \(\phi_k(f,E_{q,c})\), which shares a small function and rational function. Our results of the paper extends recent results due to W. J. Hao and J. F. Chen. [1], N. Mandal [2].