Immune Cell Functions in Human SARS-COV-2 Virus Pneumonia

Abstract

The text of the present book was organized in eight chapters. Two for each of innate and immune cross-road and four for the adaptive immune cell functions. The innate immune cells, the neutrophils, their circulating and deviated forms is correlated with covid-19 severity. Lung epithelial cells infected with sars-cov-2 virus spread to the mononuclear phagocyte system cells or the mononuclear phagocytes are primerly infected by the virus followed by cell-cell cross-talks and positive loop feedback mechanism with T cells. Six point severity index was proposed as a diagnostic battery of covid-19. The immune cross-road cells, the NKT cells, circulating NKT undergoes reduction in numbers correlated with disease severity and expresses immune-pathogenic and immune protective roles in severe infections. The TH17cells inhibits T regs in circulation but they are both elevated in covid-19 pneumonic lungs. The adaptive immune cells, first the B cells, memory B cell functions and counts are acting as valid probe for vaccine efficiency and vaccine breakthrough infections. Anergic B cells are found in multiple phenotypes and some of which associated with sars-cov-2 vaccine boost anergy in health care coworkers. Regulatory NK, B and T cells were almost associated with dampening role to immune mediated tissue injuries following covid-19 disease. MAIT cells functions as; microbial immune sensors, immune-pathogenic, immune-modulatory, mucosal cellular adjuvants to viral protein antigens and intrinsic cellular adjuvants in sars-cov-2 vaccine.