Global Development on Causes, Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Risk Factors of Prostate Cancer: An Advanced Study

Abstract

As the second most recurring cancer in men globally, prostate cancer is a major concern to men’s health. It is estimated that approximately 1.3 million new cases are diagnosed every year, those cases are leading to the casualties of nearly 360,000 men during 2018, which represents about 3.8% of all male cancer related deaths. Increasing of age among men can be correlated with global prostate cancer incidence and mortality, with the average age of diagnosis is 66 years old. Prostate cancer is usually asymptomatic or with minimal symptoms in the early stages of the disease, during this period there is minimal to no need of treatment. At early stage, the symptoms of prostate cancer are similar to those observed in prostatic hypertrophy. But in more advanced stages of prostate cancer, more painful symptoms may appear. Elevated levels of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) are the main marker used to detect prostate cancer. The disease can be confirmed with a biopsy of the prostate gland. In this work, we try to review the prostate cancer’s causes, epidemiology, aetiology, and risk factors globally, as we think that it is a pivotal way to keep update our understanding on this increasingly important health threat to men.