For Assessments of Risks and Damages at Nuclear Power Plants (NPP): A Statistic Method Approach

Abstract

This chapter discuss about statistic Methods for Assessments of Risks and Damages at Nuclear Power Plants. Given the rapid expansion of risk assessment on many fronts, one may ask whether risk assessment really offers something new as a scientific response to new demands created by technology, or whether it is only a short-term fad, something old in a new guise which will soon disappear. The associated treats under NPP exploitation are also growing as a result of many man-made and natural circumstances, including serving as targets for potential targeted terrorist assaults. For any NPP, accurate evaluations of the associated risks and damages are required at all times, including during the planning, construction, and operation phases of its intricately integrated emergency management system. Here we try to analyze some possible methods of NPP risk assessments. Early we predicted the irradiation doses and corresponded risks for population under implementation of Russian Federal Program:" Delineation of a change management process institutionalizes the actions of members of NPP professional staff in making organizational changes that impact the various sources of risk. Development of Russian atomic energy industrial complex on 2007-2020 years at 10 homeland NPP, that operated in normal non disasters regimes during two last decades. But such data are absent for NPP, that have been or will be under non prognostic emergencies. Only after NPP disasters can the necessary information, in part or in full, be gathered. When NPP are placed in some risky conflict zones with high levels of potential terrorism threats, they are subject to intensely negative natural reactions (earthquakes, tsunamis, etc.) as well as artificial ones. Here the using of classic methods of expertise risk NPP assessments are not correct and often impossible at all. Some needed thematic data may be obtained from primary virtual computer tests of individual NPP with imitation of possible disasters. It allows to plan the actions for NPP operators and special services under serious NPP disasters or may be to prevent them at all. Utilization of mixed oxides of uranium and plutonium (MOX fuel) in specially design reactors is considered one of the promising directions for further development of nuclear industry, let alone the challenge of peaceful utilization of the stock of military plutonium.