Performance Analysis of TiO\(_2\) Nanofluids in CNC Turning of Aluminium Alloy (AL319) Using the MQL Technique

Abstract

Aluminium alloy AL319, known for its superior mechanical properties such as hardness and weldability, is widely used in industries like aerospace, automotive, and engineering. This study evaluates the performance of TiO₂ nanofluid in CNC turning operations on AL319 using the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technique. Experiments were conducted with spindle speeds of 1000-1800 rpm, feed rates of 0.10-0.20 mm/rev, and MQL pressure of 0.5 MPa, using TiO₂ nanofluid concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% prepared via the one-step method. The cutting performance, assessed in terms of surface roughness, cutting temperature, and tool wear, was analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and ANOVA. Results show that TiO₂ nanofluid with a 1.5% concentration achieved the lowest cutting temperature (28°C) and best surface roughness (0.863 \(\mu\)m Ra), outperforming dry, wet, and conventional MQL machining. The study concludes that TiO₂ nanofluids significantly enhance machining performance and, with their high thermal conductivity, are a promising solution for future heat transfer and machining applications.