Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 2

This chapter presents the effects of the solar wind on Jupiter’s magnetosphere. Using the Michigan Solar Wind Model (mSWiM) solar wind data propagated to Jupiter from 1997 to 2016. This dataset was used to characterize the solar wind parameters that can affect Jupiter’s magnetosphere. For this purpose, the Interplanetary fast shocks: Forward shocks (FS), Reverse shocks (RS), and solar wind dynamic pressure were obtained and analyzed during the apparent opposition periods. The main finding highlights that the fast forward (FS) shocks were predominant during this period and the solar wind dynamic pressure from FS and RS shocks follows the solar cycles 23 and 24. It shows how solar activity and specifically the solar wind affect planetary magnetosphere dynamics.

The black hole information paradox is one of the important questions of physics in the last few decades. We study the reconstruction of the bulk operators in AdS/CFT when the geometry contains a black hole. The black hole exterior can be mapped to the CFT via a very simple Petz map which coincides with the HKLL map reconstruction of the black hole exterior. For the interior modes of the bulk theory, using the definition of the Petz recovery channel in modular theory, we can find the mapping from the black hole interior to the dual boundary theory. In the case of the evaporating black hole, it is expected that the interior modes map to some operators that have support only on the bath system, the cavity that absorbs the Hawking radiation. The most important observation that we have here is that in the case that we have a typical black hole microstate in the bulk, the CFT dual of the interior modes that we can find using the Petz recovery channel are exactly the operators that so-called "mirror operator " in the Papadodimas-Raju proposal. The main idea of the PR proposal is to focus on a code subspace of the CFT theory, which is created by acting with a small algebra on the corresponding pure state and then fnd the CFT description of the interior operator in a state-dependent manner just in the chosen code subs. Therefore, we can interpret Papadodimas- Raju proposal as an example of the Petz map reconstruction. It may help us answer some open questions about their procedure.

Despite significant advancements in wound therapy, the pursuit of innovative wound dressing materials remains fervent. This study aims to analyze the physiochemical characteristics and biological performance of a novel wound dressing material. The material was synthesized using Physiologically Clotted Fibrin (PCF) and Fish Scale Collagen (FSC), bolstered by the medicinal properties of Spider Web (SW) and Ethanolic Extract of Mangifera indica (L.) (EEMI). Infrared spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of Type I collagen, while surface morphology revealed a smooth, uniform, and porous structure, demonstrating biocompatibility. Water absorption and porosity measurements met required standards, while antibacterial assays revealed its combat against different bacteria. Additionally, ash tests underscored its eco-friendly nature. Biocompatibility assessments with human erythrocytes showed favourable results. Haemolysis assays at various concentrations and incubation times demonstrated the material's non-haemolytic behaviour. O all, the synthesized biomaterial presents as a promising wound dressing option, boasting efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability.

The present study seems to cover relevant topics related to picosecond timing detectors and their applications in high-energy physics. The new luminosity upgrades, which are 100-1000 times higher compared to previous generation experiments, will create new demands on detectors. Detector examples discussed: MRPCs, MCP-PMTs, Diamond detectors, SiPMs, Low and high gain Avalanche diodes (LGADs) and Micromegas. We specifically discuss issues such as single pixel vs. multi-pixel tests, small test vs. large physics system results and hidden problems people usually do not want to talk about. Most results in this paper were obtained in small tests, usually with single pixels. The timing resolution will be worse in large complex multi-pixel detector systems with a real background.

In Part II of a series of studies on the evolution of airflow and precipitation associated with the 2007-08 Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO07-08) over the New Guinea Highlands (NGH), we focus on how the mechanical and thermal forcings affecting the enhancement and the essential ingredients of heavy orographic rain. In this study, the mechanical and thermal forcing effects of the NGH on MJO07-08’s propagation and rainfall over the island of New Guinea are investigated by adopting the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It is found that both forcings affect the propagation of MJO07-08, which lead to heavy orographic rainfall production with the mechanical forcing of NGH playing a stronger role in the orographic blocking than the thermal forcing. In addition, it is found that there are two flow regimes associated with MJO07-08 over the NGH: (1) the flow-around regime and (2) the flow-over regime. In the flow-around regime, the convective system associated with the MJO split into two while passing over the NGH due to the strong orographic blocking and this flow regime occurs when the mountain height is approximately above 50% of the original mountain height. In this flow regime, the orographic rainfall increases as the mountain height increases. Based on a series of systematic sensitivity tests, the flow-over regime occurs when the mountain is approximately below 50% of the original mountain height. Finally, it is found that the essential orographic rain ingredients associated with the MJO07-08 event are like those associated with TCs over a mountain. With a series of sensitivity tests with varying mountain height, it is found that once the mountain height reaches 75% of the original height of the NGH, the maximum rainfall amount starts to decrease as the mountain height reaches approximately 75% of the original height.

The problem of weak discontinuity in operation of vacuum valve is considered from an experimental and theoretical point of view. A model of gas flow as a function of two variable gas mass n and time t is created. The model allows you to define a point on the time axis where the continuity of the gas mass flow function breaks and define the discontinuity parameters. A model of operation of the vacuum valve as a gas flow control device was built based on the experimental data. It is shown that an inlet area inside the valve through which gas flow passes has the property of a weak discontinuity, provided that the area is considered as a time function. It is shown how this property is transmitted to a gas discharge function. The described actions result in the statement that the gas discharge function has the properties of weak discontinuity over mass and time variables. The theoretical conclusions were verified on a simple vacuum set with air overflow between two vessels, provided that the gas flow is controlled by the valve. It found a single point on the time axis where the gas discharge function has two weak discontinuities over mass and time variables simultaneously. The phenomenon of weak discontinuity in gas flow was recorded for the first time under such experimental conditions.

The modified Bessel functions of fractional order \(I_{1/3}(x)\) has been approximated by an analytic function containing rational and hyperbolic functions. The Bessel functions the order 1/3 are very important, because its connection with the Airy functions. A technique using both power series and assymptotic expansion has been used. An approximation has been found for the modified Bessel function \(I_{1/3}(x)\). The accuracy of the approximation is very high using only three parameters., and the largest relative error is smaller than 0,004.