Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 4

Language interference is a universal phenomenon, and learning and speaking English as a second language in Nigeria (particularly among Mada students) is no exception. There are many different dialects of English spoken around the world. Such two languages (Mada and English) belong to two distinct linguistic groups, with distinct phonemic potentials in their use of monophthongs, diphthongs (vowels), consonants and consonant clusters, and segmental. While English belongs to the Indo-European language family, Mada originally belonged to the Benue Congo linguistic sub-group, which is a branch of the larger Niger-Congo African language family. This assumes Mada Students learning and speaking English as a second language are likely to face some challenges that impede fluency and articulation in English as a second language. This provides the impetus for this research on Mada phonemes and areas of interference in the learning of English as a second language. According to the findings of the study, some monophthongs are difficult for many Mada students learning English as a second language. Additionally, consonant clusters have been identified as a source of difficulty for Mada students learning English as a second language. The difficulties in the respective phonemes resulted from phoneme alteration, subtraction, separation, substitution, and transposition errors. As a result, language committees in various indigenous languages should collaborate with state governments to improve indigenous language orthography. The objective of this study was to contrast the phonemes vis-à-vis vowels, consonants in Mada and consonants clusters in English Languages respectively. The study also took a look at areas of interference in the two languages. The study also tried to identify; the phonemes or sounds in English which are impediments to Mada students in the learning of English as a second language and vice-versa It  also tried to identify phonemes or sounds in English which are not  available in the Mada orthography and vce-versa.

This work is a study of how societal ills can be addressed through literary works. It examines the experience of corruption in Ghana and Nigeria through the narratives of Ifeoma Okoye and Ayi Kwei Armah. Through their stories, these two people have criticised the ills in their nations from different backgrounds. The paper reveals that corruption is a common menace bordering the African society, and that the fight against corruption is not left to only men. It is an encouragement that every member of the society should be interested in helping to improve the larger society. The writers have employed some literary language techniques to achieve their purpose of addressing the ills of the society and the way out of them. The researchers examined the language choice of the writers, examined the stylistic usage of language in the novels, compared the language choices as used in the two novels, and comparatively establish how the authors have applied literary language in addressing societal ills.

The objective of this study was to find out the strength of the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and OCB and teacher service quality. Teacher self-efficacy is a process of belief in all abilities which include self-confidence, adaptability, cognitive abilities, intelligence, and motivation. Meanwhile, the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of teachers is a voluntary behavior of teachers to educate beyond the standards set by the school. These two variables are assumed to affect service quality to achieve quality education. To achieve this goal, research was conducted on teachers in Cilegon City using a survey method. Then, to determine the relationship between variables and the weight of each indicator of each variable, the Scientific Identification Theory to Conduct Operation Research in Education Management (Sitorem) method is used. The number of samples in this study was 179 teachers. The sample used was a proportional random sampling technique. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the teacher self-efficacy and OCB variables and the teacher service quality variable. The value of the correlation coefficient between teacher efficacy and service quality is \(r_{y1} = 0.626(P<0.01)\). Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient between OCB and service quality is \(r_{y2} = 0.316(P<0.01)\). Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that teacher self-efficacy and OCB can improve service quality.

Strategic leadership is a state in which leaders demonstrate traits such as inspiring employees and existing abilities while trying to make teams and organizations successful. This paper focuses on the study's problem of analyzing strategic professional leadership of human resource management in the context of long-term educational institutions. A qualitative study of collections as synthesized documentary and in-depth interviews with administrators and instructors in Thailand's basic education. Strategic professional leadership at "Key" levels includes professional leadership roles, leadership under change and leadership skills, quality management, human resource management, corporate atmospheres, development in pace with change, creativity and creative tension, hold true assessments, and participation. Ultimately, strategic professional leadership to the expression of decision-making and operational controls to achieve the vision, mission, and organizational goal includes clearly defining roles to effectiveness. The role of human resource management will be higher globalised to emerging trends in the recruitment, motivation and retention.

This chapter discusses various aspects of practical interventions with regard to education and rehabilitation of children with intellectual disabilities that can take place in schools or other rehabilitation settings. The outlined approach is based on Bruner’s concept of so-called growth sciences which include both special education and rehabilitation. The emphasis is on the theoretical, diagnostic, and rehabilitation strategy, which is based on the implementation of educational and treatment activities with this child population. We attempt to define interventions in education and rehabilitation for children with mild intellectual disabilities based on applied research. The sample consisted of 124 participants in school settings who were assessed on their cognitive and academic achievement. In light of these findings, we propose educational and treatment strategies for these children.

This study extracts eleven types of attribute from English text data, with the aim of classifying English text according to level of difficulty by learning and categorization. Using the method of “leave-one-out cross-validation,” text is subjected to machine learning and categorization. E-books have recently gained in popularity. As the quantity of e-books grows, the effort of manually categorising all of them takes a long time. When English sentences are classified according to their difficulty level, it is possible to recommend a foreign-language book that is appropriate for the reader's level of English proficiency. In order to improve accuracy, furthermore, an experiment is carried out in which the size of text data is varied, and the attribute selection method is implemented. As a result, accuracy is improved to 77.04%, and F-measure to 63.96%. In addition, erroneous identification resulting from the impact of columns between sentences is also noted.

Evaluation is currently at the heart of the priorities of education systems. It affects not only learning but also teachers, schools, training, management, education policies, and design. There is a need in this area, particularly in teaching and education, where research is extremely scarce in Morocco. The notion of transposing quality evaluation to the pedagogical side is complicated in assessing a school with varied practices and multiple actors. The study’s objective is to develop and validate a tool for evaluating schools to propose an adequate measuring instrument for the quality of teaching for the future missions of the inspectorate and to present, within a rigorous methodological framework, the validation of pedagogical and administrative quality indicators in schools. This tool is a dashboard with precise indicators for the pedagogical audit of schools and educational institutions adapted to the Moroccan context. We used several hands (structured interviews, focus groups, factor analysis, etc.) with the actors who carry out their activities to select the best indicators. We identified three (03) fields and ten (10) criteria with hands that form the basis of a quality assessment. The fields are Management and strategic planning, administrative and sector management, and pedagogical organization.

This Study looks at the subjective feelings of the occupants of the Senate Buildings in selected Universities in order ameliorate the effect of thermal discomfort for the occupants. One of the most important factors in office building ventilation is window condition. The study's goal was to assess natural ventilation in Senate buildings at selected universities in South-West Nigeria. The study used questionnaires and surveys to gather information on the subjective feelings of the occupants regarding the effects of thermal opening and thermal comfort in Senate building offices. Direct observation was used to gather information about the physical characteristics of the chosen buildings. There has been little research on the study of occupants' feelings in buildings in relation to openings in buildings. According to the survey results, 34.0 percent of the windows were casement and 30.0 percent were projected, 25.5% were sliding; while 9.5% were the louvred type. According to the study, 73.8 percent of respondents preferred casement windows over other window types due to their ease of operation and improved thermal comfort for occupants. The study concluded that, when properly sized, casement windows are the most effective at mitigating the effects of thermal discomfort in Senate buildings.

Public Private Partnership (PPP) has become a virile tool for providing public service and developing society in both developed and developing countries and it has worked in many countries of the world, including Senegal, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates. These countries have built huge infrastructures and edifices through PPP deals. However, it is yet to work in Nigeria. Therefore, the present study assesses teachers’ professional development, teachers'quality and students’ academic achievements in the PPP and non-PPP schoqols. The objective of the study is to find out the level of professional development of teachers, teacher’s quality (qualification, years of experience) and its influence on student’s academic achievement. The study adopts quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design with one experimental groups and control group. Population for this study consists of all senior secondary school class I students in Osun state. A total sample of 1312 subjects (1152 SS 2 Students and 160 SS Teachers) were selected with the use of multistage sampling technique. Research instruments used for this study include: (i) English Achievement Test (EAT) r=0.78; (ii) Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) 0.65; and (iii). Teachers’ Quality Inventory (TQI) r= 0.72. The procedure for the study was in stages, the pre-treatment stage and the post-treatment stage. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, the hypotheses generated in this study were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed thatteachers are more efficient after going through a professional program. In conclusion, If high standardwill be maintained as regards students outcomesthere is the need improve on the teachers' professional development. It was therefore recommended that teachers should be encouraged to attend relevant workshops, seminars, on the job trainings regularly. Moreover, due to recent pandemic of different versions of Coronavirus, Webinars and Zoom (Virtual mode) meetings are now available in different fields of learning and these are opportunities for classroom teachers to acquire professional developmental trainings without having physical attendance.

ICTs are being used in administrative, teaching, and learning activities at educational institutions all over the world. Despite numerous interventions by management and governments to encourage the use of ICTs in teaching and learning activities in higher learning institutions, studies have revealed that academics' adoption and use of ICTs to deliver their teaching remains low. However, the magnitude of the problem, particularly in institutions of higher learning such as CBU, is relatively unknown due to limited or lack of research undertakings in the field. The study's goal was to determine the current state of ICTs and the levels of adoption and use of ICTs by academics at   the Copperbelt University in Zambia. According to the findings of the study, academic staff at Copperbelt University use few ICT tools in their teaching and learning activities.  Obstacles responsible for the low levels of adoption were identified. The paper then made recommendations to enable academic staff to use ICTs to improve students' learning experiences and, as a result, produce quality and relevant graduates to society's current needs.

Although there is a significant need for English ESP for nurses, only a few academics are enthusiastic about exploring the development of nursing English ESP materials that are contextually suited to the practical requirements of nurses. Designing teaching material is the process of selecting, adapting, and evaluating teaching based on specific terms of reference. Need Analysis is very important before designing teaching materials for English for Specific Purpose. The study aims at exploring the learning needs of student nurses and designing ESP materials for nurses based on Need Analysis. Need Analysis in this study is categorized as Target situation Analysis, Present Situation Analysis, Deficiency Analysis, Strategy Analysis, Constraint Analysis, Pedagogic Need Analysis, and Subjective Need Analysis [1]. The study uses quantitative and qualitative methods with a developmental study design. The findings describe the real needs of students of ESP for nurses, the lecturers’ viewpoints on the practice of ESP instructions, and descriptions of ESP for nurses used in English-speaking countries. The results are very significant for designers of ESP of various fields for they reflect the real needs of nursing students. It is suggested that Nursing English textbooks should be based on the Need Analysis by ESP designers.

A common hypothesis is that evaluation capacity building is positively associated with organizational learning. This learning is equitable as a function of evaluation capacity efforts, only if visible and sustainable evaluation skills and attitudes accompany the efforts. Whereas the number of empirical studies conducted on this topic is impressive, there is still no agreement on how to make the learning sustainable. The main objective of this paper is to present a critical review of literature on the principles of building evaluation capacity that enhances sustainable learning using a desk review method. The results suggest a close coherence among ECB scholars in adherence to capacity building requirements to sustain learning for project success. From the findings, a cluster of ECB activities across the reviewed literature have shown significant relationship with sustainable learning, among them clearly stated ECB objectives and selection of pedagogical methods and desired learning objectives. This study concludes by highlighting recommendations, and presenting practical guidelines to help those in process of building evaluation capacity for learning purposes. The knowledge gaps that require consideration through further research are also highlighted.

The lack of English literacy from public schools and the nature of the English language which differs from students' first language have a negative impact on the performance of students' reading comprehension at the foundation level in El Ula Branch, Taibah University. This study aimed to investigate how the Logic of English Approach improves Saudi students' reading comprehension. Thus, the study raised some questions: Is the Logic of English Approach a better method for teaching EFL Saudi students' reading comprehension? Do phonics and phonograms have a positive influence on students' reading comprehension? Does the use of word roots and affixes improve students' reading comprehension? Do the English spelling rules have positive effects on the students' reading skills? A quantitative research design was selected and 28 teachers (18 males and 10 females) were chosen from English instructors at the Deanship of PYP and English lecturers at the College of Arts and Sciences. To collect information from participants, a questionnaire was conducted. The findings revealed that first-year university students had made remarkable progress in their reading comprehension due to the Logic of English Approach as a method of teaching. The study findings had also disclosed that the improvement of reading comprehension depends on intensive teaching and practising of phonics, phonograms, word roots, affixes and spelling rules.

Through a focus on the mythical narrative of Yellow Emperor’s eating the white jade cream recorded in The Classic of Mountains and Seas, this paper aims to elucidate the genetic mechanism of Chinese jade worship budded in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, unveil the underlying historical truth of the jade origination and transportation, and investigate the significance of white jade in moulding the national ideology and material production. The Classic of Mountains and Seas demonstrates a typical Chinese mythological style, marked by tension of textual mastery and semiotic indeterminacy, fictional imagination and religious conservatism, aesthetic autonomy and embedded ideology.