Solutions and Technolsogies of Obtaining Energy Using Micro-Hydropower Potential

Abstract

This chapter brings to the reader's attention the solutions and technologies for using the micro-hydropower potential. The study includes a presentation of the micro-hydropower potential, a review of hydropower schemes used in the case of micro-hydropower plants, a presentation of the main types of hydraulic turbine that equips a micro hydropower plant (MHP), as well as a turbine selection methodology to obtain maximum energy. The demand for drinking water and electricity is rising steadily on a global scale right now. Hydro energy will play a significant role in the future energy mix because of its numerous advantages for the economy, society, and environment. All remote locations, severely impoverished areas, and areas hit by natural disasters require simple ways to provide electricity. A key difference between energy and fresh water is the relative ease with which the former can be transformed and transported between areas of production and demand. The resulting geographic disconnects between sources of inputs associated with energy production and final energy demand poses a significant challenge for resource management at the water–energy nexus. The most efficient way to meet these needs involves the use of various renewable energy resources available locally. Hydro energy, or more precisely micro-hydro energy, is one of the primary renewable energy sources. On the other hand, different factors must be taken into account at different stages of the execution of hydropower projects. In order to optimize the potential of hydropower, new hydraulic turbine types were created. For a cost-effective and efficient hydropower project, the selection of the hydraulic turbine must be optimally studied. The present work can be considered a guide for the developers in selecting the hydraulic turbine according to the operating conditions that are available.