Low-cost Cervical Cancer Screening Methods in Poor Resource Settings A Review

Abstract

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most prevalent disease among women and the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with 528,000 new cases reported in 2012. Cervical cancer has fallen in relative importance, despite the fact that the annual number of cases has increased: it was the second most prevalent disease in women in 1975. Furthermore, the incidence and mortality of CC varies significantly across low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In low-resource settings, cost-effective alternatives to conventional pap smear screening are needed to detect cervical cancer. The study objectives are 1)to study the utility of various screening methods like conventional pap smear. In low and middle income countries (LMIC), many new strategies are being implemented to improve detection at a low cost. Manual liquid based cytology (MLBC), HPV testing, cell block with marker studies, and ascetic acid ocular inspection are the tests covered (VIA). National screening programs in LMIC nations should implement the various methodologies.