Synthesis and Characterizations of Pb\(^{2+}\) and Ti\(^{+4}\) Doped NdFeO\(_3\) Multiferroic Solid Solutions

Abstract

Solid solutions of NdFeO₃, Nd_0.5Pb_0.5FeO₃ and NdFe_0.5Ti_0.5O₃were prepared using traditional solid-state reaction method. The fabricated solid solutions were study for their structural, morphological, electrical and dielectric properties. XRD information demonstrates that orthorhombic crystal structures were present in all of the samples. Since no contaminant phases were discovered, Pb²⁺and Ti⁺⁴ were clearly well within the range of their solid solubility. SEM micrographs clearly showed the distribution of tiny, homogeneous, randomly orientated, well-connected, and irregularly shaped grains in the samples. It was discovered that the dielectric constant (\(\varepsilon\)´) and dielectric loss (\(\varepsilon\)´´) exhibited Cole-Cole relaxation behavior and decreased as the frequency of the applied electric field increased. It has been discovered that the electrical conductivity obeys the universal power law and grows with the frequency of the applied field.