A Brief Review on Chronobiology and Chronotherapy of Hypertension

Abstract

In the United States, hypertension affects over 90% of all patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it is a major risk factor for end-organ injury, CVD, and death. The study of chronobiology, chronopharmacology, and chronotherapy in the treatment of hypertension started a few decades ago. Blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are affected by our behaviour, such as what we eat, and also by the time of day, according to research published in the last decade.In addition, as compared to office BP calculated only once, the capacity of the night: day ratio of systolic BP to predict the risk of cardiovascular events is more accurate. The evidence clearly shows that nocturnal BP is the BP that is most consistently associated with cardiovascular risk prediction and offers more frequent safety monitoring. The circadian rhythm plays an important role in blood pressure control. As a result, a circadian condition like hypertension necessitates the use of chronopharmacotherapy.  However, different medications have been studied for their chronopharmacology and potential chronotherapy. The chronobiology of hypertension, as well as the chronopharmacology and chronotherapy of the different drugs used to treat it, are discussed in this article. Knowing the risk factors associated with this disease disorder, researchers are expected to develop more innovative chronopharmaceutical formulations for the control or treatment of hypertension.