Synthesis and Structural Features of Curcumin: A Multitargeted Bioactive Component of Turmeric

Abstract

Curcumin can act as an antioxidant agent by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The important role of turmeric has been investigated as an antispasmodic to reduce menstrual cramping. The multiparametric features of curcumin lead to its various biological importance and are becoming a site of attraction for many researchers. The presence of labile hydrogens, 1,3-diketo groups, and their tautomeric forms, \(\alpha\),\(\beta\)-unsaturated linker portions, and aromatic systems is important in various reactions during biological pathways. Curcumin, which has multiple properties, prompted us to investigate the chemistry behind its actions. The literature has provided a limited collection of data that clarifies the importance of each substituent for various biological activities. Extensive research is still needed to fully explore and understand the underlying chemistry and therapeutic potential of these medicinally important entities. the step has been taken to critically analyse the synthetic methodology of curcumin and to understand the chemistry behind the structural interactions of different moieties towards different biological activities.