A Compendium of Precision Oncology: An Approach towards Unveiling the Unique and Individualized Reality of Cancer

Abstract

The past several decades have seen a 'one size fits all' strategy, that is, a similar line of therapy or the use of the same drug/ medicine, that too in a conventional approach, to treat a specific ailment. This method is related to unique genetic constitutions and processes rather than specific personal attributes. Precision oncology has the potential to significantly enhance prediction, therapy, and follow-up care for patients. Identifying the numerous and diverse biological components linked with carcinogenesis has only recently been possible as a result of recent biotechnological advancements. The main objective of this chapter is to bridge the gap between the research and the clinical practice of Precision Oncology by creating awareness among the scientists, clinicians and the public as well using detailed representation of all the advances made in the field of Precision Oncology considering almost all the aspects and possibilities of the same. It also provides a comprehensive idea of the genes associated with different cancer types including the overlapping genes involved in multiple types of cancer.  Knowing a patient's genetic information and the genes sensitive to mutation can help in precise diagnosis and receive the best personalized medicines, lowering the odds of treatment failure prevalent in cancer therapy. This chapter takes into account all the aspects pf Precision Oncology and provides an overview of overlapping genes as well as genes whose mutations can lead to cancer. This assembled information could help with future clinical studies to predict and prevent cancer and academic research.