Heterologous Prime-boost as COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies: Towards a Nationwide Implementation

Abstract

Immune priming can be done in two ways: by immunization or through hyper-immunization. Priming mammalian animal models starts the main immune response, which leads to the development of effector cells. Boost stimulates immune cells, causing them to become memory immune cells participating in subsequent immune response events. Prime, homologous prime-boost, and/or heterologous prime-boost techniques are used in vaccination procedures. This theme can be used in mammalian laboratory animals as well as humans. Murine, lapin and primates immune system  functions are similar but not identical to that of human beings. So far, in terms of vaccine development and production. There may be differences in reactions and/or vaccination side effects when moving from a mammalian research animal to a human. The conventional and customary strategy in national and international immunization regimens for vaccine-preventable infectious illnesses for human welfare is homologous prime-boost. Heterologous prime boost techniques are becoming less popular among vaccine providers and the medical community. Day by day, current trials were undertaken all over the world to determine the efficacy of using heterologous prime-boost in mass immunization of covid-19. The present chapter was focused on to this validity. Workers reached one of three conclusions as; i- it reactivate immunogenicity, reacto-genicity and /or efficacy ii-Are of comparable efficacy and iii- Preference advise to apply it for mass vaccination of covid-19.International authority recommendation in this concern is still not in hand. Though, there were few published human volunteer trails for heterologous covid-19 vaccine strategies.