Assessing the Relationship between Vitamin D Supplementation and COVID-19 Risk: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially categorized COVID-19 as a global pandemic, leading to a significant crisis in global public health. Vitamin D is emerging as a crucial micronutrient under investigation for its potential to prevent and mitigate the impact of COVID-19. Observational studies have revealed an inverse relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The significance of vitamin D in the context of COVID-19 can be attributed to several pathways, including its role in modulating immune and inflammatory responses, regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and participating in glucose metabolism and cardiovascular health. Evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of severe disease progression in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize pertinent literature on this subject and to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the potential impact of vitamin D deficiency on the COVID-19 status and health outcomes of individuals with the virus.